1 HISTORY Bunon (1743): First person to propose that removal of deciduous teeth will achieve a better alignment of permanent teeth, in his book “Essay on diseases of teeth”. Kjellgren (1929): First person to suggest the term “serial extraction” for this procedure. Nance (1940): Father of serial extraction philosophy. He presented the technique of progressive extraction. Palsson (1956): Proposed...

We investigate the extremal behaviour of a diiusion (X t) given by the SDE dX t = (X t)dt + (X t)dW t ; t > 0 ; X 0 = x ; where W is standard Brownian motion, is the drift term and is the diiusion coeecient. Under some appropriate conditions on (X t) we prove that the point process of "{upcrossings converges in distribution to a homogeneous Poisson process. As examples we study the ex-tremal be...

This paper deals with the problem of simultaneity between the ...rm’s investments and ...nancial structure, in a context of dynamic optimization, characterised by two main assumptions: ...rst of all, diverging incentives for managers and shareholders, secondly, ...nancial markets imperfections generating a risk premium on the borrowed ...nance. A ”discrete-time” framework has been introduced in...

The data from this study suggest that, in western Turkey, potato consumption and water hardness do not play a significant role in the aetiology of anencephaly and spina bifida (ASB). Several of the predictions of the fetus-fetus interaction theory are not supported. Other predictions could not be tested because of lack of information on the dizygotic (DZ) twinning rate. Twin data from this stud...

The paper studies outside …nance in a model of two-dimensional moral hazard, involving risk choices as well as e¤ort choices. If the entrepreneur has insu¢ cient funds, a …rst-best outcome cannot be implemented. Second-best outcomes involve greater failure risk than …rstbest outcomes. For a Cobb-Douglas technology, second-best e¤ort and investment levels are smaller than …rst-best; for other te...

Ever since the publication in 1565 of Girolamo Cardano's treatise on gambling, Liber de Ludo Aleae (The Book of Games of Chance), statistics and nancial markets have become inextricably linked. Over the past few decades many of these links have become part of the canon of modern nance, and it is now impossible to fully appreciate the workings of nancial markets without them. This selective surv...