OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of coronary angiographically evident atherosclerotic stenosis associated with myocardial bridging (MB) and to explore related risk factors of coronary artery stenosis located proximally to MB. METHODS Overall, 603 patients with MB-mural coronary arteries (MB-MCAs) diagnosed by angiography initially were enrolled in this obser...

FIGURE 1 Snapshot Showing Bridging in the Mid-Left Anterior Descending Artery Before Adenosine Infusion W e report the case of a fit 90-year-old woman presenting with increasing episodes of angina. Diagnostic angiography identified a mid-left anterior descending artery myocardial bridge (MB) (Figure 1, Online Video 1) as well as a moderate diagonal disease. We performed fractional flow reserve ...

BACKGROUND Myocardial bridging (MB) is a congenital anomaly in which a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery courses through the myocardium. This anomaly can lead to myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, and even death. The effectiveness of coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) in the detection of MB and its morphological features, and the accuracy of invasive coronary angiography...

A myocardial muscle bridge spans a segment of a major epicardial coronary artery that is located in the myocardium. This anatomic configuration can be responsible for angina pectoris, arrhythmias or even death. The current reference standard for diagnosis is conventional x-ray coronary angiography showing systolic compression of an epicardial vessel and the typical angiographic "milking effect....

Myocardial bridging is a common coronary anomaly, which is generally described as a benign phenomenon. However, a growing number of studies consider this anomaly a relevant pathophysiological phenomenon with serious pathological consequences. Here we report on the case of an 88-year-old woman suffering from myocardial infarction and ventricular septal rupture, lacking any recognizable coronary ...

In 2010, Ingela Schnittger, MD, a cardiologist at the School of Medicine, sat in her lab examining the echocardiogram of a young man who came to the heart clinic at Stanford Health Care complaining of chest pain. She spotted a curious motion of the heart on the computer screen, one that she’d seen before while examining these kinds of diagnostic tests. “All of the sudden I had this flashback,” ...

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is the most severe form of ischemic heart disease. Although it caused by atherosclerotic plaque thrombosis or nonatherosclerotic causes, its pathophysiological mechanism ACS not fully understood, and concept constantly updated developed. At present, main mechanisms include rupture, erosion, calcified nodules (CN) non-atherosclerotic causes such as vasospasm myocard...