introduction: there are the evidences to suggest that bone marrow stromal cells (bmscs) not only differentiate into mesodermal cells, but also adopt the fate of endodermal and ectodermal cell types. bmscs can be a valuable cell source as an autograph for clinical application involving regeneration of the central nervous system. bone marrow stromal cells can be expanded rapidly in vitro and have...

Background & Aims: Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have the capability to undergo unlimited selfrenewal and differentiation into all cell types in the body. These cells are artificially derived from a nonpluripotent cell, typically human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The study of cytogenetic stability of these cells, in order to use iPS cells and apply studies in therapeutic applications, i...

Simple motor reaction time (RT) to 100 percent negative contrast stimuli was measured for various background luminances as well as after bleaching a fraction of retinal photopigments. RT decreased to asymptotical value with the increase of background intensity. The intensity-dependent portion of RT behaved identically for 100 percent positive and negative contrast. Moreover, RT to 100 percent n...