Although cramp has been mentioned as a symptom by several writers on the subject of prolapsed intervertebral discs (Bradford and Spurling, 1941; O'Connell, 1943; Lenhard, 1947) no study has hitherto been made of its exact nature, frequency, and relationships. It was not until the routine follow-up of cases of sciatica, which had been treated surgically, was begun that it was noticed that the sy...

The expression of antimicrobial peptides at epithelial surfaces such as skin, lung, and intestine is thought to provide protection against infection. Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides are essential for the protection of skin against invasive bacterial infection. To determine if cathelicidins are also present in the oral cavity, we examined the expression of both mRNA and protein in mice and h...

background: this study intended to determine the effects of vitamin d and calcium?vitamin d in treating leg cramps in pregnant women. materials and methods: this study was conducted as a double?blind randomized controlled clinical trial on 126 participants, 18–35?year?old pregnant women with a minimum of two leg cramps per week who were referred to health?care centers in tabriz?iran in 2013. th...

This study investigated the neuromagnetic activities of self-paced finger lifting task and electrical median nerve stimulation in ten writer's cramp patients and fourteen control subjects. The event-related de/synchronizations (ERD/ERS) of beta-band activity levels were evaluated and the somatosensory cortical activity levels were analyzed using equivalent-current dipole modeling. No significan...

Eleven patients with writer's cramp were studied during the performance of a series of writing and non-writing tasks. Their performance in the tasks and the intensity of contraction in the flexor and extensor muscles of the fingers and elbow (recorded electromyographically) were compared with the results from a group of matched normal controls. The patients showed highly significant increases i...

The aim of this article is to evaluate if body awareness is important to improve the writing ability before using the splints. Twelve patients with writer's cramp were evaluated by a specialist in movement disorders. The Burke-Fahn-Marsden Scale (BFM), the Jedynak Protocol and the Analog Pain Scale were used. The rehabilitation training was administered over an eight-week period, in two phases ...

how to cite this article: karimzadeh p, ghazavi a. comparison of deflazacort and prednisone in duchenne muscular dystrophy. iranianjournal of child neurology 2012;6(1):5-12. objective duchenne muscular dystrophy (dmd) is a degenerative disease that usually becomes clinically detectable in childhood as progressive proximal weakness. no cure is yet available for dmd, but the use of steroids impro...

Water retention and hydremia have attracted considerable attention in the last decade. In 1921 Miller and Williams (1) reported observations on three patients with hypertension and nephritis who were given 5 to 10 liters of water in 24 hours by Rehfuss tube. Two of these patients developed headache, dizziness, general depression, increased blood pressure and cramps in the legs. The third patien...