Multipliers of reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces can be characterized in terms positivity $n \times n$ matrices analogous to the classical Pick matrix. We study for which it suffices consider bounded size $n$. connect this problem notion subhomogeneity non-selfadjoint operator algebras. Our main results show that multiplier algebras many analytic functions, such as Dirichlet space and Drury-Arv...

Using Lagrange’s multiplier rule, we find upper and lower bounds of the energy of a bipartite graph G, in terms of the number of vertices, edges and the spectral moment of fourth order. Moreover, the upper bound is attained in a graph G if and only if G is the graph of a symmetric balanced incomplete block design (BIBD). Also, we determine the graphs for which the lower bound is sharp.  2003 E...

Combination of A/D-D/A converters allows implementing both long-term analog memory and multiplier/divider operations. An efficient design based on continuous-time, current-mode, dividing-algorithmic converters is presented in this paper. It offers high-speed and low-voltage operation with low or middle resolution. Experimental results of two CMOS-2.4μm prototypes (with 5and 7-bit data converter...

The Lagrange multiplier for the kinetic energy e is shown to be −γcm on a singular arc, where γ (g/J) is derived from engine and driveline characteristics and cm ≈ 1. Using this value as an approximation for constrained arcs as well, the cost function is J(s, x) ≈ −γcme + C(s) that yields the residual cost φ(x) = −γcme. The factor β corresponds to the constant Lagrange multiplier for time and i...

In this paper we describe a CMOS differential active load and show how it can be used to create various useful structures. Tunable current gain stages and current squaring circuits are discussed. Their connection to a differential pairbased transconductor results in broad-range tunable transcon­ ductor structures suitable for adaptive continuous-time filtering applications and a four-quadrant v...

The problem of a multiplier ω(n) of the Nörlund means and convex maps of the unit disc is being considered again, but with a multiplier ω(n) of different form then that appeared by Ziad S. Ali in [1]. With this we would have brought up again in a rather unified approach the results of G. Pólya, and I.J. Schonberg in [7], T. Basgoze, J.L. Frank and F.R. Keogh in [3], and Ziad S. Ali in [2]. The ...

almost multiplier is rather a new concept in the theory of almost functions. in thispaper we discuss on the boundedness of almost multipliers on some special banach algebras,namely stable algebras. we also dene an adjoint and extension for almost multiplier.

Nonlinear constrained optimization problems in discrete and continuous spaces are an important class of problems studied extensively in arti®cial intelligence and operations research. These problems can be solved by a Lagrange-multiplier method in continuous space and by an extended discrete Lagrange-multiplier method in discrete space. When constraints are satis®ed, these methods rely on gradi...

Let D be an affine difference set of order n in an abelian group G relative to a subgroup N . Set H̃ = H \ {1, ω}, where H = G/N and ω = ∏ σ∈H σ. Using D we define a two-to-one map g from H̃ to N . The map g satisfies g(σ) = g(σ) and g(σ) = g(σ−1) for any multiplier m of D and any element σ ∈ H̃. As applications, we present some results which give a restriction on the possible order n and the grou...

Multiplier and divider circuits are usually required in the fields of analog signal processing and parallel-computing neural or fuzzy systems. In particular, this paper focuses on the hardware implementation of fuzzy controllers, where the divider circuit is usually the bottleneck. Multiplier/ divider circuits can be implemented with a combination of A/D-D/A converters. An efficient design base...