In this study, we employ a choice-based conjoint survey design to elicit individual choices of beach erosion control programs that can potentially cause multiple effects on beach environment. Two empirical choice models which incorporate individual heterogeneity, are used to analyze and compare the elicited individual choices of erosion control programs. Our results show that to a typical indiv...

Bees are important pollinators of plants in both agricultural and non-agricultural landscapes. Recent losses of both managed and wild bee species have negative impacts on crop production and ecosystem diversity. Therefore, in order to mitigate bee losses, it is important to identify the factors most responsible. Multiple factors including pathogens, agrochemical exposure, lack of quality forage...