The decline of party membership and party activism in European Democracies has been well established, but this phenomenon has not been effectively explained. This is partly because a full test of any explanation requires longitudinal comparative survey data which does not exist. This paper suggests that generational replacement explains the decline of party activism, so that existing party acti...

Applying the Hierarchical Bayesian Regression model to weekly aggregated sales history data from 92 retail stores located around Tokyo, I calculated price elasticities by item, week, and store. These elasticities are more stable than figures calculated using the Hierarchical Regression or Bayesian Regression models. Furthermore, using Google Earth, I visualized the calculated price elasticities...

The aim of this study is to propose and empirically examine multilevel models of students’ time management in online collaborative groupwork. Studentand group-level predictors of groupwork time management were analyzed in a survey of 204 graduate students from 61 groups in the Southeast of U.S. Results from the multilevel analyses revealed that most of the variance in time management occurred a...

C5.3.1 Random slope model .................................................................... 23 C5.3.2 Example of random slope for a continuous explanatory variable: allowing the relationship between hedonism and age to differ across countries ............. 25 C5.3.3 Centring in a random slope model .................................................... 28 C5.3.4 Example of random slope for a d...

(2005). The impact of role assignment on knowledge construction in asynchronous discussion groups: A multilevel analysis.

High participation rates are important for maximizing the effects of a health screening program. Previous studies have suggested that individual or regional characteristics have effects on health behaviors. In this study, we investigated the determinants of participation in the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages by simultaneously analyzing individual and area-level factors by mult...

We examined the effectiveness of situation awareness probe questions in predicting sector performance and behavior in a human-in-the-loop simulation air traffic management (ATM) simulation with low (50%) and high (75%) traffic densities. Probes were presented online during the performance of the air traffic management task, and the accuracy and response latencies were measured. Hierarchical lin...

A positive school climate is an important component of successful and effective schools and thus is often an aim of schoolwide initiatives. Climate has traditionally been conceptualized as a school-level factor and is often assumed to be related to other school-level factors (e.g., school size). The current study examines variation in perceptions of climate based on individual-, classroom-, and...

D We present an application of metaprogramming in logic that, unlike most metaprogramming applications, is not primarily concerned with controlling the execution of logic programs. Metalevel computation is used to define theories from schemata that were either given explicitly or obtained by abstraction from other theories. Our main application is a representation of legal knowledge in a metalo...

BACKGROUND Outcomes research often compares patient and organizational outcomes across institutions, dealing with variables measured at different hierarchical levels. A traditional approach to analyzing multilevel data has been to aggregate individual-level variables at the institutional level. OBJECTIVES To introduce the conceptual and statistical background of multilevel analysis and provid...