In previous studies, we have found that the accuracy in judging collinearity of lines or dots varies considerably from one subject to another as a function of the relative angle of the stimulus elements. A model of errors generally shows large excursions across several subranges of angular position. These do not appear to be motor errors, at least not ones that are well separated from perceptua...

In two experiments, visual search was used to study the grouping of shape on the basis of perceptual closure among participants 5-23 years of age. We first showed that young children, like adults, demonstrate an efficient search for a concave target among convex distractors for closed connected stimuli but an inefficient search for open stimuli. Reliable developmental differences, however, were...

Grass genomes differ greatly in chromosome number, ploidy level, and size. Despite these differences, very good conservation of the marker order (collinearity) was found at the genetic map level between the different grass genomes. Collinearity is particularly good between rice chromosome 1 and the group 3 chromosomes in the Triticeae. We have used this collinearity to saturate the leaf rust re...

Since the online measurement of melt index (MI) of polyethylene is difficult, a virtual sensor model is desirable. However, a polyethylene process usually produces products with multiple grades. The relations between process and quality variables are highly nonlinear. In addition, a virtual sensor model in the real plant process with many inputs has to deal with the collinearity and the time-va...

The natural complexity of ecological communities regularly lures ecologists to collect elaborate data sets in which confounding factors are often present. Although multiple regression is commonly used in such cases to test the individual effects of many explanatory variables on a continuous response, the inherent collinearity (multicollinearity) of confounded explanatory variables encumbers ana...

ÐDetermining the rigid transformation relating 2D images to known 3D geometry is a classical problem in photogrammetry and computer vision. Heretofore, the best methods for solving the problem have relied on iterative optimization methods which cannot be proven to converge and/or which do not effectively account for the orthonormal structure of rotation matrices. We show that the pose estimatio...