Lip reading method with mouth movement videos based on backward optical flow is proposed. Through experiments with 10 of mouth movement videos, it is found that the proposed lip reading method is superior to the conventional optical flow based method. Keywordslip reading; optical flow; Hiddeen Markov Model; mouth movement

The availability of ground-truth flow field is crucial for quantitative evaluation of any optical flow computation method. The fidelity of test data is also important when artificially generated. Therefore, we generated sequences of artificial flow fields together with an artificial images based on given real-world sample image. The presented framework benefits of a two-layered approach in whic...

Snakes are purported to drink by sucking water into their mouths and then compressing the oral cavity to force water into the oesophagus. Video recordings of drinking behaviour in 23 snakes representing 14 species from three families, combined with simultaneous recordings of water volumes consumed, show that all the snakes vary widely in the amount of water taken in when drinking. This variatio...

A model scald tank was constructed to study the mixing pattern of water in a poultry scalding system. Tank dimensions were approximately 6 m long by 10.5 cm wide with a water depth of 18 cm. Water was vigorously agitated with compressed air delivered through a 1.9-cm polyvinyl chloride pipe on the bottom of the tank. Food coloring was added to the tank at a single point, and water samples were ...

Behaviour and genetic structure are intimately related: mating patterns and patterns of movement between groups or populations influence the movement of genetic variation across the landscape and from one generation to the next. In hybrid zones, the behaviour of the hybridizing taxa can also impact the incidence and outcome of hybridization events. Hybridization between yellow baboons and anubi...