BACKGROUND Road traffic crashes are a major cause of death and injury worldwide and are set to increase as low- and middle-income countries motorize. United Nations (UN)and World Health Organization (WHO) road traffic injury prevention efforts depend on support from external organizations, many of which have commercial interests in increasing car use. Because of concerns about conflict of inter...

Germany and the U.S. have among the highest motorization rates in the world. Yet Americans make a 40% higher share of their trips by car and annually drive twice as many kilometers per capita as Germans. Automobile use is linked to unsustainable trends such as climate change, oil dependence, traffic fatalities, congestion, and obesity. International differences in car use can be attributed to s...

In Delhi, between 2008 and 2011, at seven monitoring stations, the daily average of particulates with diameter <2.5 mm (PM2.5) was 123 87 mg m 3 and particulates with diameter <10 mm (PM10) was 208 137 mg m 3. The bulk of the pollution is due to motorization, power generation, and construction activities. In this paper, we present a multi-pollutant emissions inventory for the National Capital T...

"Air pollution and population health" is one of the most important environmental and public health issues. Economic development, urbanization, energy consumption, transportation/motorization, and rapid population growth are major driving forces of air pollution in large cities, especially in megacities. Air pollution levels in developed countries have been decreasing dramatically in recent deca...

This paper examines the relationship between traffic fatality risk and per capita income and uses it to forecast traffic fatalities by geographic region. Equations for the road death rate (fatalities/population) and its components--the rate of motorization (vehicles/population) and fatalities per vehicle (F/V)--are estimated using panel data from 1963 to 1999 for 88 countries. The natural logar...

BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are a growing but neglected global health crisis, requiring effective prevention to promote sustainable safety. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) share a disproportionately high burden with 90% of the world's road traffic deaths, and where RTIs are escalating due to rapid urbanization and motorization. Although several studies have assessed the eff...

Car-sharing systems, i.e., short-term car rental services, are solutions indicated as an alternative to individual motorization; they can be used in increasing number of cities around the world. These along with their intensive development, becoming more and complex. Due complexity, involve not only stakeholders or infrastructure elements, but also indicate numerous links functioning cities, es...

trauma is a leading cause of death and disability especially amongst young people. road traffic crash–related death, injury, and chronic disability continue to be a major worldwide burden to drivers, pedestrians and users of mass transit, especially in low- and middle-income countries(lmic). projections predict worsening of this burden, and while motorization of lmic increases exponentially, a ...

Although variability of noise and pollutant emissions are usually associated with vehicular speed acceleration, driving style, mainly related to gear-shift internal engine variables such as revolutions per minute (RPM) or load (EL), can also play a key role. Moreover, the contribution each variable for fuel consumption, vary different vehicle-motorization types. However, effect on is not fully ...

BACKGROUND Dental consultation may provoke stress to the patient, especially when a dental surgery is going to be performed, stressful situations can cause a reaction in the sympathetic nervous system that could lead to cardiovascular alterations. Blood pressure and cardiac frequency are used often as an indirect measurement and this parameters combined can serve as good indicators of stress. O...