OBJECTIVES To ascertain whether there are differences in child seating location between selected cities in the US and continental Europe, and if differences exist, to ascertain what factors predict them. SETTING Boston and New Orleans, which have no laws regarding child seating location, and Paris, Frankfurt, and Brussels, which for approximately 20 years have had laws requiring children unde...

Haze in China has been increasing in frequency of occurrence as well as the area of the affected region. Here, we report on a new mechanism of haze formation, in which coexistence with NOx can reduce the environmental capacity for SO2, leading to rapid conversion of SO2 to sulfate because NO2 and SO2 have a synergistic effect when they react on the surface of mineral dust. Monitoring data from ...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the performance of Advanced Life Support care mode (ALS) applied to car crash victims using indicators by means of the Revised Trauma Score (RTS) in prehospital phase. METHODS It were analyzed 643 reports of car crash victims cared by public ALS services that occurred in highways of the city of São Paulo, from April 1999 to April 2000. Time intervals assessed were: respon...

4) The entire class of seat belt-related flexion-distraction injuries to the spine are commonly referred to as ‘Chance-type’ fractures. These fractures are caused by hyperflexion around a lap belt, with the belt acting as a fulcrum. This mechanism of hyperflexion and distraction would also explain the frequent association of intraabdominal injuries as viscera are crushed between the lap belt an...

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are efficient motors, which have widespread applications in electric industry due to their noticeable features. One of the interesting applications of such motors is in underwater vehicles. In these cases, reaching to minimum volume and high torque of the motor are the major concern. Design optimization can enhance their merits considerably, thus reduce volum...

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are efficient motors, which have widespread applications in electric industry due to their noticeable features. One of the interesting applications of such motors is in underwater vehicles. In these cases, reaching to minimum volume and high torque of the motor are the major concern. Design optimization can enhance their merits considerably, thus reduce volum...

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency initiated a pilot program in 2002 with researchers at the University of Michigan Air Quality Laboratory to investigate motor vehicle mercury emissions. The program included exhaust emissions characterization of vapor and particulate phase mercury from three light-duty gasoline vehicles, one diesel vehicle and mercury analysis of fuel, lubricating oil, en...

The effect of residential neighborhood characteristics on a child's risk of serious motor vehicle traffic occupant injuries was evaluated in New York State, USA, for the years 1993-2003, with particular focus on the effect of neighborhood walkability. Risk increased significantly (p < 0.0001) with decreasing street connectivity and as more workers commuted more than 30 min using means other tha...

Despite its long history in criminology, research on the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and rates of common crime remains limited. That is in part because many analysts doubt that any systematic relationship exists and in part because of disagreement with regard to the validity of the indicators typically used to measure economic conditions. We argue in this article that good the...

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) are powerful tools for exploring, investigating and managing our ocean resources. As the capabilities of these platforms continue to expand and they continue to mature as operational assets, navigation remains a fundamental technological component. This chapter presents a road map for the vehicle designer to aid in integrating the latest navigation methods ...