Pseudoponera stigma (F.) and Pseudoponera gilberti (Kempf) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are closely related Neotropical ants, often misidentified due to their morphological similarities. These species also share behavioral and ecological characters. In this study, we examined cytogenetic approaches as a tool to aid identification of P. stigma and P. gilberti. Both numerical and morphological karyo...

The focus of recent studies on Chinese word segmentation, part-of-speech (POS) tagging and parsing has been shifting from words to characters. However, existing methods have not yet fully utilized the potentials of Chinese characters. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of character-level part-of-speech in the task of Chinese morphological analysis. We propose the first tagset designed...

Three populations of the pill millipede genus Trachysphaera Heller 1858 are present in Great Britain, one on the Isle of Wight, one in South Wales and one in mid-Wales. To identify and characterize the British Trachysphaera populations, the intraspecific and interspecific variation of the populations in South Wales and on the Isle of Wight were studied and evaluated in a first integrative study...

8 The recent surge in enthusiasm for simultaneously inferring relationships from extinct and 9 extant species has reinvigorated interest in statistical approaches for modelling morphological 10 evolution. Current statistical methods use the Mk model to describe substitutions between 11 discrete character states. Although representing a significant step forward, the Mk model presents 12 challeng...

Scilla vardaria Yıldırım & Gemici (Asparagaceae) is described as a new species. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description and detailed illustrations are provided on the basis of the type specimen and observations of wild populations. The new species is characterized by the conical floral corona structure formed by fusion of its filaments, with anthers arising almost at the floral ...

Stipa richteriana and Galium songaricum are newly recorded species for the flora of Iran, collected from Binalood and Hezar-Masjed Mountains in Razavi Khorassan Province. The geographical distribution of both species is mainly confined to the Middle Asia. Morphological characters of two newly recorded species are compared with their close relatives. Notes on taxonomy, ecology, phytogeography, a...

Despite being a central issue in evolutionary biology, few studies have examined the stasis of characters in populations with no gene flow. A possible mechanism of such stasis is stabilizing selection with similar peaks in each population. This study examined the evolutionary patterns of morphological characters with and without strong selection in ant populations. We show that compared to a ch...

morphophysiological variations of field bindweed populations in tehran province was studied during 2006 and 2007 growing seasons using multivariate analysis methods. to determine the variations, 43 morphological and physiological characters were considered biometrically.  the main characters at principal component analysis (pca) consisted of leaf dry weight, shoot dry weight, and leaf area to i...

 In this study, the palynology of 33 species of Silene belonging to 15 sections was investigated to examine the correspondence between palynology, morphological sections and phylogenetic trees. The pollen grains were prepared using the acetolysis method. Quantitative and qualitative micromorphological features of pollens were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy....