Maximum likelihood factor analysis (MLFA) is applied to investigate the variables of monthly Tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures (SST) from Niño 1+2, Niño 3, Niño 3.4, and Niño 4 and precipitation over New South Wales and Queensland of eastern Australia, Kalimantan Island of Indonesia, and California and Oregon of the west coast of the United States. The monthly data used were from 1950 t...

Climate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns. Droughts may become longer and more frequent, and the timing and intensity of precipitation may change. We tested how shifting precipitation patterns, both seasonally and by frequency of events, affects soil nitrogen availability, plant biomass and diversity in a shrub-steppe temperate grassland along a natural productivity gradient in...

iran is located in arid and semiarid areas based on continental divisions; any change in precipitation would have potential effects on agriculture, economic and other related issues in general. therefore, it is of high importance to know and identify the moisture-related sources needed to study the country’s precipitation data. for this purpose, it is important to correlate monthly precipitatio...

in this study, the artificial neural networks (anns) and regression models were used to downscale the simulated outputs of the general circulation models (gcms). the simulated precipitation for 25.18 º n to 34.51 º n and 45 º e to 60 º e, geopotential height at 850 mb and zonal wind at 200 mb for 12.56° n to 43.25° n and 19.68° e to 61.87° e data sets as the predictors were extracted from echam...

The quality of global sea level pressure patterns has been assessed for simulations by 23 coupled climate models. Most models showed high pattern correlations. With respect to the explained spatial variance, many models showed serious large-scale deficiencies, especially at midlatitudes. Five models performed well at all latitudes and for each month of the year. Three models had a reasonable sk...

Detailed probabilistic information on the intensity of precipitation in Central Africa is highly needed in order to cope with the risk analysis of natural hazards. In the mountainous areas of Rwanda land slides frequently occur and might cause a heavy toll in human lives. The establishment of Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves for precipitation in Central Africa remains a difficult task as ade...

[1] World Meteorological Organization (WMO) regression models for precipitation gauge bias developed by Goodison et al. (1998) were optimized using the very fast simulated annealing algorithm. The regression model uncertainties were estimated by use of a Bayesian stochastic inversion (BSI) algorithm. Legates and Willmott’s (1990) precipitation correction factors database (applicable to average ...

in this research the chaocity of precipitation time series in daily, weekly and monthly scales in the pole-kohneh and ghourbaghestan stations located in qarah-soo watershed is investigated. in order to reassure about the absence of stochastic behavior of the time series, method of surrogate data is applied. thereafter, the aperiodicity of the time series is investigated using power spectrum ana...