Background: CT is a diagnostic imaging modality giving higher patient dose in comparison with other radiological procedures, so the calculation of organ dose in CT exams is very important. While methods to calculate the effective dose have been established (ICRP 26 and ICRP 60), they depend heavily on the ability to estimate the dose to radiosensitive organs from the CT procedure. However, dete...

To date there have been few attempts to calculate bulk properties such as the cohesive energy or the bulk modulus of metals using Monte Carlo methods. We present a variational Monte Carlo calculation of aluminium and find that methods used to deal with finite-size effects work just as well as in insulators, despite the presence of a Fermi surface. However, the large statistical uncertainties ar...

in this research, shielding and criticality safety calculations carried out for interim storage and transportation cask in the tehran research reactor. such dual purpose cask is being designed to the spent fuel elements of research reactors. the monte carlo mcnp5 code calculation was utilized for the criticality safety analysis and origen2.1code was used for shielding calculation. according to ...

Dose distribution evaluation in oncological radiotherapy treatments is an outstanding problem that requires sophisticated computing technologies to optimize the clinical results (i.e. increase the dose to the tumour and reduce the dose to the healthy tissues). Nowdays, dose calculation algorithms based on the Monte Carlo method are generally regarded as the most accurate tools for radiotherapy....

In this review paper, we outline the principles of Monte Carlo simulation of fluid mixtures, with emphasis on methods for calculation of free energies and phase equilibria. We begin with a brief introduction to common intermolecular potential models. We discuss density-dependent potentials that can accurately represent properties over a wide range of densities. A number of Monte Carlo technique...

We present a new combinatorial method for the calculation of the nuclear level density. It is based on a Monte Carlo technique, in order to avoid a direct counting procedure which is generally impracticable for high-A nuclei. The Monte Carlo simulation, making use of the Metropolis sampling scheme, allows a computationally fast estimate of the level density for many fermion systems in large she...

In a recent paper, we have proposed and analyzed, from a theoretical point of view, a multidimensional stock market model (see [?]). In this paper, we construct a portfolio of stocks for a particular case of this market model. We introduce the Value at Risk, as a powerful tool for managing risks, which follow from holding such a portfolio. We present a mathematical calculation of Value at Risk ...

Improvements in Monte Carlo techniques for computing synthetic spectra of supernovae (SNe) are described and tested using a simplified model for the atmosphere of a Type Ia SN. In the first innovation, a procedure is implemented that replaces the previously-assumed line formation by resonance scattering with a branching model using Sobolev escape probabilities, and the resulting improvement is ...

In mathematics, Monte Carlo integration is a technique for numerical integration using random numbers and a a particular Monte Carlo method numerically computes the Riemann integral. Whereas other algorithms usually evaluate the integrand at a regular grid, Monte Carlo randomly chooses points at which the integrand is evaluated. This method is particularly useful for higher-dimensional integral...

A formula is given for the propagation of errors during matrix inversion. An explicit calculation for a 2 × 2 matrix using both the formula and a Monte Carlo calculation are compared. A prescription is given to determine when a matrix with uncertain elements is sufficiently nonsingular for the calculation of the covariances of the inverted matrix elements to be reliable.