The Charadrii (shorebirds, gulls and alcids) are one of the most diverse avian groups from the point of view of sexual size dimorphism, exhibiting extremes in both male-biased and female-biased dimorphism, as well as monomorphism. In this study we use phylogenetic comparative analyses to investigate how size dimorphism has changed over evolutionary time, distinguishing between changes that have...

We used the PCR-SSCP method followed by sequencing in order to assess the genetic variability of coding and noncoding parts of the genome of Echinococcus granulosus (Cestoda; Taeniidae) and to test whether or not the parasite populations are mainly self-fertilizing. For this, we analysed a sample of 110 E. granulosus metacestode isolates collected from different geographical regions (Southern B...

Let C be a unital AH-algebra and A be a unital simple C∗-algebra with tracial rank zero. It has been shown that two unital monomorphisms φ, ψ : C → A are approximately unitarily equivalent if and only if [φ] = [ψ] in KL(C,A) and τ ◦ φ = τ ◦ ψ for all τ ∈ T (A), where T (A) is the tracial state space of A. In this paper we prove the following: Given κ ∈ KL(C,A) with κ(K0(C)+\{0}) ⊂ K0(A)+\{0} an...

Differences between sexes of the same species are widespread and are variable in nature. While it is often assumed that males are more ornamented than females, in the nymphalid butterfly genus Bicyclus, females have, on average, more eyespot wing color patterns than males. Here we extend these studies by surveying eyespot pattern sexual dimorphism across the Nymphalidae family of butterflies. E...

Let X be a second countable, path connected, compact metric space and let A be a unital separable simple exact Z-stable real rank zero C∗-algebra. We classify all the embeddings (up to approximate unitary equivalence) of C(X) into A. Specifically, we prove the following: Theorem: Let α ∈ KL(C(X), A)+,1 and let λ : T (A) → T (C(X)) be an affine continuous map such that (i) if h ∈ Aff(T (C(X))) i...

We demonstrate how a genetic polymorphism of distinctly different alleles can develop during long-term frequency-dependent evolution in an initially monomorphic diploid population, if mutations have only small phenotypic effect. As a specific example, we use a version of Levene's (1953) soft selection model, where stabilizing selection acts on a continuous trait within each of two habitats. If ...

Background and aims One of the most severe manifestation displays of tuberculosis (TB) generalization is meningitis/meningoencephalitis. The purpose of this work was to improve the diagnostic efficiency of TB central nervous system (CNS) affection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. Materials and methods Meninges and cerebral tissues, taken from died patients, who were HIV...

Polymorphisms are common in the natural world and have played an important role in our understanding of how selection maintains multiple phenotypes within extant populations. Studying the evolutionary history of polymorphisms has revealed important features of this widespread form of phenotypic diversity, including its role in speciation, niche breadth, and range size. In the present study, we ...

We define the stability of a subgroup under a class of maps, and establish the basic properties of this notion. Loosely speaking, we will say that a normal subgroup, or more generally a normal series {An} of a group A, is stable under a class of homomorphisms H if whenever f : A → B lies in H, we have that f(a) ∈ Bn if and only if a ∈ An. This translates to saying that each element of H induces...

OBJECTIVE To analyze the cytologic features of nipple discharge and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic smears from breast lesions reported as showing papillary features and to correlate them with histopathologic features. STUDY DESIGN The study group consisted of FNA smears and/or nipple discharge smears from 65 breast lesions diagnosed on cytology as duct papilloma, papillary lesion, fib...