This research was supported in part by an Emerging Scholars Small Grant from the University of Wisconsin Institute for Research on Poverty. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 2015 annual meeting of the Population Association of America. We are grateful to Fangsheng Zhu for research assistance and to Vanesa Estrada-Correa, Fabian Pfeffer, Bob Schoeni, and anonymous reviewers f...

Abstract The World Health Organization says money can spread all varieties of bacteria and viruses. A measure that be taken to help stop the Covid-19 is decreasing or ideally, eliminating, use cash promoting contactless payments. Cash remains a frequently used retail payment method specifically for small-value purchases. switch from cards other methods one major trends in consumer shopping fina...

This article aims to understand the mostly-neglected role of Greek merchants in independence movement by looking into their integration European capitalist system. By doing this, we believe that are able move beyond general tendency romantic nationalist readings literature which focuses only on or intelligentsia, as first and foremost stimulating power behind struggle for independence. The has ...

An off-line electronic cash scheme is proposed that is suitable for small payments. The approach is innovative, in that each coin may be efficiently verified by the same or different merchants during payment. The scheme relies on a batch signature technique to efficiently sign and verify individually spent coins; coins may also be deposited in batch manner. The scheme outlined differs considera...

A fundamental aspect of any open payment system is the interchange fee that is paid from the merchant’s bank to the cardholder’s bank. Using a model in which there is partial participation by heterogeneous consumers and merchants, this paper characterizes the output maximizing, profit maximizing and welfare maximizing level of such an interchange fee. It examines how the optimal level of the fe...