This paper explores the pedagogical potential of Gamestar Mechanic, a computer game where players learn the principles of game design by making, sharing and reviewing games in the context of an online community of designers. The game has been designed to foster the appropriation of complex language and literacy skills by middle school children. By relying on think aloud interviews and a discour...

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent joint disease. Obesity is one of the most important risk factors of new-onset OA and deterioration of OA. Obesity was once considered to cause OA simply by added mechanical force. Yet, more recent studies have shown that metabolic factors produced by fat tissue can also initiate inflammatory cascade that consequently can lead to OA. This is...

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Recognition of cell-surface sialyldisaccharides by influenza A hemagglutinin (HA) triggers the infection process of influenza. The changes in glycosidic torsional linkage and the receptor conformations may alter the binding specificity of HAs to the sialylglycans. In this study, 10-ns molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to examine the structural and dynamic behavior of the HAs bound...