in the present work, an extensive theoretical calculation study on histidine-histidine dipeptide in gas phase is done by using dft method with gaussian 98 program. through investigations on the molecular geometries of this molecule it is found that there is six rings in the molecules not two rings. the presence of four intramolecular hydrogen bonds is responsible for the formation of additional...

To elucidate the taxonomic status of Ruppia drepanensis Tineo ex Guss. (Alismatales, Ruppiaceae), we performed morphological analysis and DNA barcoding historical materials (including lectotype) fresh samples those from a recently discovered population near locus classicus in Sicily, Italy). We conclude that R. is separate species, closely related to spiralis L. Dumort., occurs temporary inland...

In this chapter, the contribution of molecular tools in understanding the aetiology and ecology of infectious diseases is examined in the context of molecular epidemiology (ME). ME is seen as providing the 'tools', both laboratory and analytical, which have predictive significance in epidemiological investigations of the causation of disease. A diversity of questions can be addressed with these...

Obi-Rakhmat Grotto is situated 100 km northeast of Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan. The site was first studied in the 1960s and excavations through the 1970s yielded more than 40,000 stone artifacts. Excavations were renewed in 1998 with the goal of clarifying the archaeological, geological and environmental sequence. Based on studies of the 1998-1999 collections and a sample of artifacts with...

An Informed Consent Ontology (ICO) was developed to support informed consent data integration and reasoning. ICO is aligned with the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO), and logically represent the terms and their relations related to informed consent processes and contents. ICO contains 471 terms including 137 ICO-specific terms and the other terms imported from existing reliable ontologies. The ontol...

Theoretical investigations of ionic liquids are reviewed. Three main cate-gories are discussed, i.e., static quantum chemical calculations (electronic structure methods), traditional molecular dynamics simulations and first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. Simple models are reviewed in brief.