Our aim in this article is to show how modularity is defined and used in some current modeling languages based on meta-meta-models. These languages are the MOF (Meta Object Facility) [MOF1997] submission which has been submitted to the OMG (Object Management Group) and CDIF [Ernst1997] (Case Data Interchange Format) as defined by the CDIF technical committee and standardized by the Electronic I...

Water adsorption in porous materials is important for many applications such as dehumidification, thermal batteries, and delivery of drinking water in remote areas. In this study, we have identified three criteria for achieving high performing porous materials for water adsorption. These criteria deal with condensation pressure of water in the pores, uptake capacity, and recyclability and water...

The basic structures for linking squares into polyhedra and networks (reticulation) are enumerated, and corresponding examples are described in which crystals were synthesized by linking paddle wheel (square) units into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)--named MOF-102 to MOF-112.

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are expanding to a major social-economic burden in the Western World and undermine man's deep desire for healthy ageing. Epidemiological studies suggest that flavanol-rich foods (e.g. grapes, wine, chocolate) sustain cardiovascular health. For an evidenced-based application, however, sound clinical data on their efficacy are strongly demanded. METHODS In a d...

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes have been used to ascertain individuals who are obese. There has been limited research about the predictive value of ICD-coded obesity for major chronic conditions at the population level. We tested the utility of ICD-coded obesity versus measured obesity for predicting incident major osteoporotic fracture (MOF), after adjusting for covariate...

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is an important public health problem in Viet Nam. That is, the incidence of PLC was estimated to be the second highest in males and the fifth in females in 1990 nationwide, (GLOBOCAN, 1999). PLC had the highestcancer incidence in males (ASR 25.3 per 100,000) and the fifth most common in females (ASR 5.9 per 100,000) in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM) in south Viet Nam from 19...

We show a homeomorphic equivalent relation among the compact subspaces (Cantor middle-third sets, two-sided shift map of Cantor sets and ternary sets etc.) of the real line. Using such result, we show that there exists a chaotic homeomorphism of a compact subspace of the real line onto itself if and only if it is homeomorphic to the Cantor set.

Higher order multiphoton-pumped polarized lasers have fundamental technological importance. Although they can be used to in vivo imaging, their application has yet to be realized. Here we show the first polarized three-photon-pumped (3PP) microcavity laser in a single host-guest composite metal-organic framework (MOF) crystal, via a controllable in situ self-assembly strategy. The highly orient...

The controlled formation of MOF-based superstructures with well-defined nanoscale sizes and exquisite morphologies represents a big challenge, but can trigger a new set of properties distinct from their bulk counterparts. Here we report on the use of a self-assembled organic object to template the first example of a nanoscale metal–organic framework (MOF) with a helical morphology. Two prototyp...

The concept and occurrence of isoreticular (same topology) series of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is reviewed. We describe the preparation, characterization, and crystal structures of three new MOFs that are isoreticular expansions of known materials with the tbo (Cu(3)(4,4',4''-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl-tris(benzene-4,1-diyl))tribenzoate)(2), MOF-399) and pto topologies (Cu(3)(4,4',4''-(benzene-...