Humans possess unique physical and cognitive characteristics relative to other primates. Comparative analyses of the human and chimpanzee genomes are beginning to reveal sequence changes on the human lineage that may have contributed to the evolution of human traits. However, these studies cannot identify the genetic differences that distinguish modern humans from archaic human species. Here, I...

Background: Constipation is a common complaint during pregnancy. Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) has some recommendations for this complaint. Objective: In this study, interventions of constipation in pregnancy have been presented and their efficacy and safety evidence were reviewed from modern literature. Methods: Interventions selected based upon the chapters related to health protectio...

Background: The road to respond to the needs of today's modern world, affected by the advancement of technological tools, seeks to increase speed and increasing safety. This study seeks to improve the landscape quality of roads, explains the effective criteria in road design and the need to pay attention to the category of design ethics and emphasizes them. Conclusion: In order to increase the...

A key result of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is that the market portfolio— the portfolio of all assets in which each asset’s weight is proportional to its total market capitalization—lies on the mean-variance-efficient frontier, the set of portfolios having mean-variance characteristics that cannot be improved upon. Therefore, the CAPM cannot be consistent with efficient frontiers for...

The methods by which fuels can be converted into electricity all belong to different “technology families”: the “gas-fired-turbine-family”, the “coal-fired-turbine-family”, etc. Each family consists of different generations of similar technologies, as in a vintage model. Within a family, the latest generation embodies the most recent level and type of knowledge, becoming more and more outdated ...

This research shows that a portfolio of wheat varieties could enhance profitability and reduce risk over the selection of a single variety for Kansas wheat producers. Many Kansas wheat farmers select varieties solely based on published average yields. This study uses portfolio theory from business investment analysis to find the optimal, yield-maximizing and riskminimizing combination of wheat ...

The problem of modeling claims occurring in periodic random environments is discussed in this paper. In the classical approach of risk theory, the occurrence of claims is modeled by counting processes that do not account for claims following a periodic pattern. The author discusses how the use of the classical approach to model a periodic portfolio might lead to the miscalculation of important ...

I study a theoretical model of life-cycle portfolio choice for an investor who has an option to invest in human capital but is liquidity constrained. I find that, since the young are more likely to exercise the option than the old, they are more concerned about liquidity risk (i.e. the risk that the liquidity constraint binds when it is optimal to invest). This, in turn, implies a hump-shaped p...

Two related and under-studied components of modeling are: a) the process by which simplifying assumptions are derived; and b) the process by which tests of model validity are designed. This case study illustrates these processes for two simple investment models: a) a version of the model supporting classical portfolio theory; and b) a version of a mean-reverting model consistent with some of th...

We consider the dynamic portfolio choice problem in a jump-diffusion model, where an investor may face constraints on her portfolio weights: for instance, no-short-selling constraints. It is a daunting task to use standard numerical methods to solve a constrained portfolio choice problem, especially when there is a large number of state variables. By suitably embedding the constrained problem i...