This paper contributes to the model theory of modal logic using bisimulations as the fundamental tool. A uniform presentation is given of modal analogues of well-known deenability and preservation results from rst-order logic. These results include algebraic characterizations of modal equivalence, and of the modally deenable classes of models; the preservation results concern preservation of mo...

the present paper sets out to investigate the syntactic category of persian modals, šâyad ‘perhaps’ and bâyad ‘must’. the syntactic category of the two modal elements has been viewed differently by different scholars. a number of scholars argue that both šâyad and bâyad are modal auxiliaries, while others claim that they both are modal adverbs. we propose that šâyad is a modal adverb and bâyad ...

4 Literature review 8 4.1 Modal and Temporal Logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4.2 Games for Modal and Temporal Logics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.3 Models of Concurrency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 4.4 Games for Models of Concurrency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4.5 Lattices and Complete lattices . . ....

We present tableau systems and sequent calculi for the intuitionistic analogues and IS5 of the normal classical modal logics. We provide soundness and completeness theorems with respect to the models of intuitionistic logic enriched by a modal accessibility relation, as proposed by G. We also investigate the relationship of these logics with some other intuitionistic modal logics proposed in th...

We show the necessary condition for Higgs mass parameters in order for the recently proposed “split supersymmetry” (split-SUSY) scenario to provide the realistic magnitude of tan β. This can be understood by showing how the Higgs sector of the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model reduces to that of the Standard Model in the heavy limit of the soft supersymmetry breaking Higgs mass parameters. ...

We examine the contributions to rare processes that arise in models where the Standard Model fermions are localized at distinct points in compact extra dimensions. Tree-level flavor changing neutral current interactions for the Kaluza-Klein (KK) gauge field excitations are induced in such models, and hence strong constraints are thought to exist on the size of the additional dimensions. We find...

The travel forecasting process is at the heart of urban transportation planning. Travel forecasting models are used to project future traffic and are the basis for the determination of the need for new road capacity, transit service changes and changes in land use policies and patterns. Travel demand modeling involves a series of mathematical models that attempt to simulate human behavior while...

Given the “possible worlds” interpretation of modal logic, a refinement of a Kripke model is another Kripke model in which an agent has ruled out some possible worlds to be consistent with some new information. The refinements of a finite Kripke model have been shown to correspond to the results of applying arbitrary action models to the Kripke model [10]. Refinement modal logics add quantifier...

Current literature offers a range of analyses of evidentials in natural language, which can be broadly grouped into two types: modal analyses (Kratzer 1991, Izvorski 1997, Ehrich 2001, Garrett 2001, Faller 2006, Matthewson et al. 2007, McCready and Asher 2006, McCready and Ogata 2007, Waldie et al. 2009, Peterson 2009, 2010, Lee this volume, among others), and non-modal analyses (Faller 2002, 2...