When discrete event systems are used to model systems with a large number of possible (reachable) states, many problems such as simulation, optimization, and control, may become computationally prohibitive because they require some enumeration of such states. A common way to effectively address this issue is fluidization. The goal of this paper is that of studying the effect of fluidization on ...

Granular media take on great importance in industry and geophysics, posing a severe challenge to materials science. Their response properties elude known soft rheological models, even when the yield-stress discontinuity is blurred by vibro-fluidization. Here we propose a broad rheological scenario where average stress sums up a frictional contribution, generalizing conventional μ(I)-rheology, a...

There is growing evidence of a brine ocean beneath the ice crust of Europa. The possibility of this ocean hosting the development of simple life depends on the interaction of the ocean with the satellite’s surface where oxidants and organic compounds are believed to be formed by the breakdown of H2O and CO2 ices [1]. Transfer of these organics is considered possible if the ice crust is thin, ma...

Abstract Increasing seepage flow causes soil particles to migrate, i.e., from local piping complete fluidization, resulting in reduced effectives stress and degraded shear stiffness of the foundation. This process has received considerable attention past years, however, majority them concentrate on macro-aspects such as internal erosion deformation, while there is a lack fundamental studies add...

numerous investigations have been devoted towards understanding the hydrodynamics of gas jets in fluidized beds. however, most of them address the problem from  macroscopic point of view, which does not reveal the true behavior in the jet region at the single particle level. the present work aims to understand the jet behavior from a more fundamental level, i.e. the individual particle level. a...

Burrowers and borers are ecosystem engineers that alter their physical environments through bioturbation, bioirrigation and bioerosion. The mechanisms of moving through solid substrata by burrowing or boring depend on the mechanical properties of the medium and the size and morphology of the organism. For burrowing animals, mud differs mechanically from sand; in mud, sediment grains are suspend...

The nano-aggregation of carotenoids in microbial membranes increases membrane stability upon butanol exposure by reducing the fluidization effect and permeability butanol.

Fluidized bed was employed to investigate propane steam reforming over Ni-K/CeO2-Al2O3 catalyst. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, TG/DTA, and N2 adsorption-desorption tests. Effects of promoters, space velocity, temperature, and steam/propane (S/C) ratio on propane conversion, H2 yield, H2/CO ratio, and stability were studied and discussed. The experiments were carried out under cond...