In vitro studies were designed to investigate the influence of peak drug concentration (Cmax), the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), and, consequently, the trough concentration on the bactericidal effects of gentamicin against Enterobacter cloacae (MIC, 0.5 mg/liter) by simulating bolus versus infusion administration and bolus dosing with altered drug clearance. Bacteria in the lag...

One hundred fifty-two strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella-Enterobacter, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus species, and Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 3.1 mug of tobramycin/ml in a broth-dilution method and showed zones of inhibition of 16 mm or more around a 10-mug tobramycin disc in the Kirby-Bauer method. Tobramycin was most active against S. aureus, 100% of strains being inhibited...

The inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of electrically generated silver ions were 10 to 100 times lower than for silver sulfadiazine. Effects on normal mammalian cells were minimal.

Bactericidal activity of crude extracts from lichen Ramalina pacifica were screened against 20 clinical pathogenic strains isolated from different infectious sources which belong to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Echerichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimal inhibitory concentration of petroleum ether extract and ethanol extract w...

it seems that rapid destruction of gram negative bacteria by antibiotics contributes to the clinical deterioration of some patients with gram negative infections. antibiotics increase the concentration of lipopolysaccharide (lps) in blood and cerebrospinal fluids. released lps can activate blood cells to produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-a) and other cytokines. tnf-a appears to be a majo...

In an in-vitro study of the bactericidal activity of cefpirome in combination with vancomycin against 11 clinical isolates of staphylococci, cefpirome at a concentration of 0.25 times the MIC acted synergistically with vancomycin (at a concentration of 0.5, 1 or 2 times the MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci susceptible or resistant to methicillin. Moreover,...