We investigate how the contractibility of actions affecting the value of an asset affects asset ownership. We examine this by testing how on-board computer (OBC) adoption affects truck ownership. We develop and test the proposition that adoption should lead to less ownership by drivers, particularly for hauls where drivers have the greatest incentive to drive in non-optimal ways or engage in re...

A central proposition of the transaction costs literature is that firms will substitute more complicated contractual arrangements for simple spot arrangements when transactions involve relationship-specific investments. I investigate this proposition by testing whether simple spot arrangements are less common when local trucking markets are thin. I find that doubling the thickness of the market...

The location of East African ports, along with difficulties in building and maintaining effective road corridors, has led to the consideration intermodal transport through Short Sea Shipping (SSS) as an alternative for load transport. However, this potential solution is dependent on ports consolidation centres configuration networks. This paper provides a method evaluate performance their role ...

Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) live in cold temperate or polar seas and molt annually, renewing their fur over a period of approximately 4 wk. Epidermal processes at this time require warm skin; therefore, to avoid an excessive energy cost sea during the molt, harbor many other pinnipeds increase proportion they are hauled out on land. We predicted that metabolic rate haul-out would be greater s...

sarcheshmeh copper mine, with the final reserves of 828 million tons of sulfur ore and average grade of 0.74%, is known to be the largest open pit of iran and most probably the second largest copper mine in the world. this mine is located in the seismotectonic zone of central-iran, and 23 km away from the 150 km long rafsanjan active fault.in this study the vulnerability of the west wall of the...

OBJECTIVE High risks for locomotor diseases have been reported for bus and truck drivers in general; however, little is known about the specific risks of long-haul truck drivers. METHODS Standardised hospitalisation ratios (SHR) for different locomotor diseases of bus drivers, long-haul truck drivers and other truck drivers were compared with each other and with the general Danish working pop...

IMPORTANCE Unlike other modes of long-distance travel, long-haul flights delay urgent, specialist medical treatment until the destination is reached or the plane is diverted. Angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) occurring during those flights results in considerable morbidity and may cause permanent visual loss. It is preventable in patients with risk factors but may be an underrecognized and underrepo...

Achieving substantial reductions in the exposure of underground miners to diesel particulate matter in a number of metal and nonmetal mines in the U.S. depends on the ability of the industry to widely implement advanced diesel emissions control technologies, primarily diesel particulate filter (DPF) systems. Recent field studies showed that diesel particulate filter systems with Cordierite and ...

Industrial firms seek to develop offerings that can reduce their negative ecological impact while still being economically viable. Initial studies of these focused on the what and why. Only recently have addressed how pursue efforts. The literature generally ignores underlying mechanisms such are created operated. This paper reports a longitudinal case study an industrial firm's innovative offe...

Previously, researchers who developed representative driving cycles mainly focused on light-duty vehicles and only considered vehicle speed related derivations. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to develop for heavy-duty vehicles. By implementing decision tree regression (DTR) the Fleet DNA on-road data, broader set of metrics, such as engine power fuel consumption, can be used more ro...