background: 99mtc is a widely used radioisotope in nuclear medicine centers which is obtained by elution from mo-99/tc-99m generators. usually the generators are either supplied by the iran atomic energy agency or by private companies from foreign countries. in this study we have measured 99mo contamination in 99mtc elute from different generators in a period of one year. materials and methods:...

Objective. To determine the Cryptosporidium spp. infection frequency by using Ziehl-Neelsen and Auramine stains on samples obtained from diarrheic calves from milking farms of the Valdivia province. To compare both diagnostic tests and to determine the geospatial distribution of the infections caused by this protozoan. Materials and methods. 221 fecal samples of diarrheic calves of 24 milking f...

This paper uses Monte Carlo simulation methods to estimate the breakeven value for a robotic milking system (RMS) on a dairy farm in the United States. The breakeven value indicates the maximum amount that could be paid for the robots given the costs of alternative milking equipment and other important factors (e.g., milk yields, prices, length of useful life of technologies). The analysis simu...

The aim of this work was to determine whether the removal of supernumerary teats from dairy sheep when they are born is a useful procedure in the farming routine. Ewes were divided into 3 groups according to the number of teats at milking: ewes who were born with 2 teats; ewes who were born with 4 teats and had the 2 supernumerary nipples cut just after birth; and ewes who were born with 4 teat...

A series of experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of experimental detergents. Initial assessment of cleaning efficacy was done using a standardized milk soil (whole milk inoculated with bacteria) sprayed onto stainless steel test chips and allowed to incubate. These test chips were cleaned under controlled conditions in the laboratory. The residual milk soil was assessed using ...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to select in a structured manner the relevant articles with scientific recognition, and simultaneously identify the characteristics of these publications that may scientifically enrich the theme in a portfolio of papers. The theme involves ergonomics in milk production as a criterion for evaluating and improving organizational performance...

Introduction In Ireland, cows are generally milked with milking machines with 3.2kg clusters, with wide-bore tapered liners (31.6mm – 20.6mm) and 4x0 pulsation (WB). Outside of Ireland, most milking machines have 1.65kg clusters, narrow-bore liners (25.0mm – 20.0mm) and 2x2 pulsation (NB). O’Callaghan (2001) showed that the mouthpiece cavity vacuum was higher with wide-bore tapered liners than ...

BACKGROUND Milkability is a complex trait that is characterized by milk flow traits including average milk flow rate, maximum milk flow rate and total milking time. Milkability has long been recognized as an economically important trait that can be improved through selection. By improving milkability, management costs of milking decrease through reduced labor and improved efficiency of the auto...

The article highlights the relevance of udder hygiene, sources milk contamination with microflora, treatment requirements, sanitary condition control teats skin cow udders, as well a list products authorized in Ukraine.
 Proper preparation for milking, namely: special detergents and disinfectants, compliance correct milking procedure significantly reduce risk cows mastitis increase yield. ...