introduction emigration from villages to cities has been happening constantly and nowadays too, and shows the motion of rural societies. but, today the great number of emigrations and the villages getting evacuated from skilled and youth is a social- economical inexpressiveness in our country. considering the important role of human authorities in rural development, youth has an important place...

a case of a 40-year-old female, in whom a 6-meter long worm (taenia saginata) was found in stomach, is reported here. in this patient, t. saginata upward migration of the worm to the stomach, its rare phenomenon, worm mostly seen in the small intestine. this is mainly because of the high gastric acidity. in this patient, we believe proton pump inhibitor (ppi) use caused hypochlorhydria and coex...

it has been proven through laboratory experiments that the three types of gas migration through a cemented annulus can be eliminated by designing the correct cement mixture. the first type of void and, therefore, gas migration can occur between the casing and the cement. by adding the correct amount of magnetite to the cement, this void, and therefore  the  possible  cause  of  gas migration, c...

Umbilical and supraumbilical catheter insertion is a common procedure performed in the NICU. It is a safe and usually easy procedure devoid of serious mishaps, morbidity and mortality. Complications such as hemorrhage, infection, hernia, evisceration, omphalitis, portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension may occur after umbilical catheter insertion. Other uncommon and rare complications re...

a case of ectopic fascioliasis due to migration of an immature fasciola hepatica fluke is described in a 23 year old woman from western iran.