Background. The mechanisms involving the initiation of apoptosis after brain hypoxia-ischemia through caspase activation are not fully defined. Oxygen free radicals may be an important mediator of caspase initiation with reactive oxygen species generated by xanthine oxidase (XO) being one potential source. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of XO in apoptosis after global cerebra...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes and more recently in mitochondrial alterations in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. However, so far the exact sources of ROS in skeletal muscle have remained elusive. Aiming at better understanding the causes of mitochondrial alterations in diabetic muscle, we designed this study to characterize the sites ...

Recent studies in our lab and by others have indicated that cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) as a novel second messenger is importantly involved in vasomotor response in various vascular beds. However, the mechanism regulating cADPR production and actions remains poorly understood. The present study determined whether changes in redox status influence the production and action of cADPR in coronary art...

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been reported to be involved in the inflammatory process in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there are no studies on the modulation of RNS in COPD. It was hypothesised that inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) might decrease RNS production in COPD airways through the suppression of superoxide anion production. Ten COPD and six healthy su...

OBJECTIVE The main goal of the present study was to investigate the xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in metabolic syndrome in subjects submitted to a single exercise session. We also investigated parameters of oxidative and inflammatory status. MATERIALS/METHODS A case-control study (9 healthy and 8 MS volunteers) was performed to measure XO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase a...

Isostructural and heterostructural pseudobinary MgxZn1−xO and CdxZn1−xO alloys are studied by combining the wurtzite and the rocksalt polymorphs within a cluster expansion. The computationally demanding calculation of the quasiparticle electronic structure has been achieved for all cluster cells of the expansion using the recently developed HSE03 +G0W0 scheme. These results are used to compute ...

Pseudobinary heterostructural alloys of ZnO with MgO or CdO are studied by composing the system locally of clusters with varying ratio of cations. We investigate fourfold wurtzite structure and sixfold rocksalt structure coordination of the atoms. By means of density-functional theory, we study a total number of 256 16-atom clusters divided into 22 classes for the wurtzite structure and 16 clas...

Background Any factor like diabetes that changes the oxidant/antioxidant balance in favor of oxidants could possibly disrupt the physiologic function of ovaries. So, we have investigated the effect of vitamin E and Se supplements on antioxidant defense in ovaries of diabetic rats with focus on Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH/XO) and Aldehyde oxidase (AO) activities. MaterialsAndMethods This...

Oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) has been suggested as a causal step in atherosclerosis, and both redox-active transition metal ions and superoxide (O2.-) have been implicated in this process. In order to determine the mechanisms of metal ion-dependent oxidation of LDL in the presence of O2.-, LDL was exposed to hypoxanthine (HX) and purified xanthine oxidase (XO) without...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate cytoplasmic [Ca(2+)] ([Ca(2+)]c) signaling, but the exact role of the IP3 receptors (IP3R) in this process remains unclear. IP3Rs serve as a potential target of ROS produced by both ER and mitochondrial enzymes, which might locally expose IP3Rs at the ER-mitochondrial associations. Also, IP3Rs contain multiple reactive thiols, common molecular targets of ...