The importance of the organic cation transporter OCT2 in the renal excretion of cationic drugs raises the possibility of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in which an inhibitor (perpetrator) drug decreases OCT2-dependent renal clearance of a victim (substrate) drug. In fact, there are clinically significant interactions for drugs that are known substrates of OCT2 such as metformin. To identify drug...

BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate whether mean perfusion pressure (MPP) calculated as the difference between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and central venous pressure (CVP) was associated with risk of progression from AKI I to AKI III in critically ill patients. METHODS Retrospective analysis of adult patients admitted to a multi-disciplinary adult intensive care unit (ICU) between July 20...

One factor involved in cancer cell immortality is the continuous activity of cell telomerase. In addition, activated oncogenes and the inhibited apoptosis significantly contribute to the immortality of the cancer cells. Most cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis and use this metabolic pathway for generation of ATP as a main source of their energy supply. This metabolic change may be attribu...

The axons of the neurons in the medial and lateral components of the entorhinal cortex (MEC and LEC) form the medial and lateral perforant paths (MPP and LPP) which represent the major source of cortical input to the hippocampus. Anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological studies have shown that MPP and LPP are distinct. Unfortunately, assessment of the functional significance of damage to ...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease affecting people over age 55. Oxidative stress actively participates in the dopaminergic (DA) neuron degeneration of PD. Xyloketals are a series of natural compounds from marine mangrove fungus strain No. 2508 that have been reported to protect against neurotoxicity through their antioxidant properties. However, their ...

More than 90% of the cases of Parkinson's disease have unknown etiology. Gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra is the main cause of morbidity in this disease. External factors such as environmental toxins are believed to play a role in the cell loss, although the cause of the selective vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons remains unknown. We have previously shown that aquagl...

Abstract In this research, the efficiency of activated carbon prepared from leaves a perennial plant called Malva parviflora (MPP) to remove Maxillon Blue GRL and Disperse 183 dyes aqueous solution was studied. The preparation process carried out in three ways, firstly, using without any chemical treatment (MPP), secondly, Activated (AC-MPP), third, acid-activated (AAC-MPP) with several solutio...

The output power of PV module varies with module temperature, solar insolation and loads. And in order to quickly and accurately track the sun, it is necessary to track the maximum power point (MPP) all the time. After studying various algorithms, a new algorithm was presented in this paper based on online short-circuit current,opencircuit voltage, and variable step of perturbation and observat...