--This research is aimed to investigate experimentally the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a direct injection (DI) diesel engine when fuelled with blends of conventional diesel fuel and ethanol, blends of rice bran methyl ester with ethanol, blends of diesel and rice bran methyl ester over the entire range of load on the engine. The experimental results showed that the highe...

Within EN 14214, method EN 14103 specifies the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and linolenic acid methyl ester content (Figure 1), which is used to profile the vegetable or animal oil feedstock used in biodiesel production. EN 14103 calls for calibration of all FAME components by relative response to a single compound, methyl heptadecanoate. This requires the measurement of accurate weights for ...

Background and Aims: Alysicarpus glumaceus is a plant used in Africa, Asia some parts of the Arabian Peninsula with folkloric claims having anti-tussive, anti-asthmatic, anti-diarrheal, abortifacient, anti-psychotic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic stimulatory activities. The aim this study was to determine phytoconstituents present methanol extract (ME) its fractions. Methods: Standard qualitative...

Malonic acid silylatesreadily to yield the expected bis-trimethylsilyl (TMS) ester; this ester reacts further in the silylating mixture to yield a tris-TMS derivative, apparently through enolization of one of the ester groups. Methylmalonic and hydroxymalonic acids behave similarly. The methyl and ethyl esters of malonic acid also silylate once with some facility. Mass spectra of these derivati...

The roots of Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty, belonging to the Poaceae family, are main source volatile that has substantial value in perfume, cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food industries. study C. volatiles, obtained from plant cultivated Tunisia, using GC GC/MS revealed more than 50 compounds were detected which 14 constituents identified representing 33.87% total. Oleic acid (17.09%) (...

A cell free system prepared from etiolated cucumber (Cucumis sativus, L) in tris-sucrose buffer is able to incorporate delta-aminolevulinic acid-4- (14)C into the two components of protochlorophyll: protochlorophyllide and protochlorophyllide ester. The activity is associated with the etioplasts. Optimal incorporation is obtained at pH 7.7. For the formation of protochlorphyllide ester, oxygen,...

The cellulolytic system of the wood-rotting fungus Schizophyllum commune contains an esterase that hydrolyzes methyl ester of 4-O-methyl-d-glucuronic acid. The enzyme, called glucuronoyl esterase, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a cellulose-spent culture fluid. Its substrate specificity was examined on a number of substrates of other carbohydrate esterases such as acetylxylan e...

We report here the direct formation of the new chemical product trans-2,5-dihydroxy-3-pentenoic acid methyl ester from pentoses using tin-containing silicates as catalysts. The product is formed under alkali-free conditions in methanol at temperatures in the range 140–180 C. The highest yields are found using Sn-Beta as the catalyst. Under optimised conditions, a yield of 33% is achieved. Purif...

Production of biodiesel was involved transesterification process that implicated the reaction between used cooking oil and methanol with aid of KOH. The reaction was carried out at 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min to evaluate the effect of reaction time on the yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The highest yield of FAME was obtained at reaction time 60 min. Besides that, the yi...

The absorption and fluorescence spectra of 3-aminobenzo-1,2,4-triazine di-N-oxide (tirapazamine) have been recorded and exhibit a dependence on solvent that correlates with the Dimroth ET30 parameter. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that the transition of tirapazamine in the visible region is pi-->pi* in nature. The fluorescence lifetime is 98+/-2 ps in water. The f...