One approach to characterizing interfacial stiffness is to introduce imperfect interfaces that allow displacement discontinuities whose magnitudes depend on interfacial traction and on properties of the interface or interphase region. This work implemented such imperfect interfaces into both finite element analysis and the material point method. The finite element approach defined imperfect int...

ôbjective: having a good quality of life has always been desirable for humans and the concept of a good life and the ways of achieving it have been focused over the years. personal wellbeing is the mental component of quality of life. thus, the current study was conducted to estimate psychometric characteristics of “personal well-being index-adult” (pwï-â) in mothers of mentally retarded studen...