Background: Pregnant female rats exposed to lead may give birth offspring with learning and memory disorders. Many studies have shown that there are many mechanisms cause impairment. Epigenetic play an important function in the

High comorbidity rates between reading disorder (RD) and mathematics disorder (MD) indicate that, although the cognitive core deficits underlying these disorders are distinct, additional domain-general risk factors might be shared between the disorders. Three domain-general cognitive abilities were investigated in children with RD and MD: processing speed, temporal processing, and working memor...

Introduction: Sleep disorders are common problems in modern societies affecting different aspects of individuals' lives. Many studies have reported that sleep deprivation (SD) leads to impairments in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory formations. Physical exercise has been shown to improve learning and memory. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of Voluntary...

background: alzheimer’s disease was known as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly and is characterized by dementia and severe neuronal loss in the some regions of brain such as nucleus basalis magnocellularis. it plays an important role in the brain functions such as learning and memory. loss of cholinergic neurons of nucleus basalis magnocellularis by ibotenic acid can commo...

a variety of nervous system components such as medulla, pons, midbrain, cerebellum, basal ganglia, parietal, frontal and occipital lobes have role in eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) processes. the eye movement is done simultaneously for attracting client's attention to an external stimulus while concentrating on a certain internal subject. eye movement guided by therap...

Inappropriate recollections and responses in stressful conditions are hallmarks of post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety and mood disorders, but how stress contributes to the disorders is unclear. Here we show that stress itself reactivates memories even if the memory is unrelated to the stressful experience. Forced-swim stress one day after learning enhanced memory recall. One-day p...

normal 0 false false false en-us x-none ar-sa microsoftinternetexplorer4 background : the usefulness of electroconvulsive therapy (ect) in the management of mood disorders would be improved if its related cognitive impairment is attenuated properly. in this study we investigated the effects of using a combination of crocus sativus (cs), cyperus rotundus (cr), and honey in the treatment of ect-i...

The neuroimmune system is significantly sexually dimorphic, with sex differences evident in the number and activation states of microglia, in the activation of astrocytes, and in cytokine release and function. Neuroimmune cells and signaling are now recognized as critical for many neural functions throughout the life span, including synaptic plasticity and memory function. Here we address the q...