The incidences of microsatellite instability (MSI) and underlying DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defects in pancreatic carcinogenesis have not been well established. We analyzed 100 sporadic and 3 hereditary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas for MSI, and high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) and low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) tumors were further analyzed for frameshift mutations of possible target genes and for pro...

About 10-15% of colorectal cancers show high-level microsatellite instability. The characteristics and very existence of low-level instability (MSI-L) are unclear, although some studies have found associations between MSI-L and molecular characteristics, notably more frequent K-ras mutations and a low level of allele loss near APC. We have attempted to define a MSI-L group of tumors by analyzin...

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancers (CRCs) may be categorised according to the degree of microsatellite instability (MSI) exhibited, as MSI-high (MSI-H), MSI-low (MSI-L), or microsatellite stable (MSS). MSI-H status confers a survival advantage to patients with sporadic CRC. AIMS To determine if low levels of MSI are related to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of sporadic stage C CRC....

Microsatellite instability (MSI) testing identifies patients who may benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. We developed an MSI assay that uses data from a commercially available next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel to determine MSI status. The assay is applicable across cancer types and does not require matched samples from normal tissue. Here, we describe the MSI-NGS method and explore ...

The incidences of microsatellite instability (MSI) and underlying DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defects in pancreatic carcinogenesis have not been well established. We analyzed 100 sporadic and 3 hereditary pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas for MSI, and high-frequency MSI (MSI-H) and low-frequency MSI (MSI-L) tumors were further analyzed for frameshift mutations of possible target genes and for pro...

Twelve to 16% of colorectal cancers (CRCs) display a high degree of microsatellite instability (MSI-H), whereas most are believed to be microsatellite stable (MSS). The existence of a low degree of instability (MSI-L) group has also been proposed. By using the Bethesda panel of microsatellite markers, the microsatellite instability (MSI) status of CRCs can be determined. This set is recommended...

Classifying patients with low back pain into homogeneous and distinct categories by organizing similar manifestations among individuals can be helpful to attain better results for treatments. Providing homogenous categories of patients with low back pain would improve benefits produced by treatments. To gain a greater understanding of the proposed multi-stage process and validate diagnostic cat...

Microsatellite instability (MSI) refers to the hypermutability of short repetitive sequences in the genome caused by impaired DNA mismatch repair. Although MSI has been studied for decades, large amounts of sequencing data now available allows us to examine the molecular fingerprints of MSI in greater detail. Here, we analyse ∼8,000 exomes and ∼1,000 whole genomes of cancer patients across 23 c...

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking is an established risk factor for colorectal cancer. Because colorectal carcinogenesis is a heterogeneous process, we investigated whether cigarette smoking is differentially associated with molecularly defined subtypes of colorectal cancer. METHODS We evaluated associations between smoking and incident colorectal cancer, overall and by microsatellite instability ...

To deal with severe drought when water supply is insufficient hedging rule, based on hedging rule curve, is proposed. In general, in discrete hedging rules, the rationing factors have changed from a zone to another zone at once. Accordingly, this paper is an attempt to improve the conventional hedging rule to control the changes of rationing factors. In this regard, the simulation model has emp...