Despite the advantages of transdermal drug delivery (TDD), which makes it a fast-growing area research in pharmaceutics, numerous challenges affect their development, limits exploring full potential this alternate route. In trying to address one these problems, is strongly believed that need for sustainable skin alternative paramount. Efforts made an attempt provide employing pharmaceutical ana...

The use of algal biotechnologies in the production biofuels, food, and valuable products has gained momentum recent years, owing to its distinctive rapid growth compatibility be coupled wastewater treatment membrane photobioreactors. However, fouling is considered a main drawback that offsets benefits applications by heavily impacting operation cost. Several control strategies have been propose...

The immature core protein (p23, residues 1 to 191) of hepatitis C virus undergoes posttranslational modifications including intramembranous proteolysis within its C-terminal signal sequence by signal peptide peptidase to generate the mature form (p21). In this study, we analyzed the cleavage site and other amino acid modifications that occur on the core protein. To produce the posttranslational...

It is inferred that the formation of an electrical double layer in phospholipid membranes is affected by the modified water. structure at the membrane/water interface. Theoretical evidence is presented indicating a decrease in the number density of water hydrogen bonds and the appearance of a layer of spontaneously polarized water at the solid/water interface which are the eonsequence of the or...

S-palmitoylation describes the reversible attachment of fatty acids (predominantly palmitate) onto cysteine residues via a labile thioester bond. This posttranslational modification impacts protein functionality by regulating membrane interactions, intracellular sorting, stability, and membrane micropatterning. Several recent findings have provided a tantalizing insight into the regulation and ...

Nonlinear dielectric spectroscopy (NDS) is a non-invasive probe of cellular metabolic activity with potential application in the development of whole-cell biosensors. However, the mechanism of NDS interaction with metabolic membrane proteins is poorly understood, partly due to the inherent complexity of single cell organisms. Here we use the light-activated electron transport chain of spinach t...

The mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to flagella and cilia are poorly understood. We set out to determine the basis for the specific localization of a 24 kDa flagellar calcium-binding protein (FCaBP) expressed in all life cycle stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. Through the study of trypanosome transfectants expressing various FCaBP deletion mutants, we found that the N-terminal 24 amino aci...

The natural triterpene betulinic acid and its analogues (betulinic aldehyde, lupeol, betulin, methyl betulinate and betulinic acid amide) caused concentration-dependent alterations of erythrocyte membrane shape towards stomatocytes or echinocytes according to their hydrogen bonding properties. Thus, the analogues with a functional group having a capacity of donating a hydrogen bond (COOH, CH(2)...

PURPOSE Membrane protein 20 (MP20) is the second most abundant integral membrane protein in the lens, yet little is known about its function and post-translational modifications. The purpose of this work was the determination of the primary protein structure of MP20 and the types and sites of in vivo modifications. METHODS Bovine MP20 was isolated by anion exchange chromatography or SDS-PAGE ...