The threat of free-riding makes the marshalling of cooperation from group members a fundamental challenge of social life. Where classical social science theory saw the enforcement of moral boundaries as a critical way by which group members regulate one another's self-interest and build cooperation, moral judgments have most often been studied as processes internal to individuals. Here we inves...

BACKGROUND Financial relationships between organizations that produce clinical practice guidelines and biomedical companies are vulnerable to conflicts of interest. We sought to determine whether organizations that produce clinical practice guidelines have financial relationships with biomedical companies and whether there are associations between organizations' conflict of interest policies an...

This paper examines theory and evidence on party competition in the U. S. Congress in the allocation of members to committees. Parties allocate members to committees to maximize the joint utility of its members, taking into account how the committees’ memberships affect the legislation adopted by the legislature. Parties are constrained by both institutional rules and the heterogeneity of party...

According to the provisions of Code Commercial Companies (i.e. Art. 385), Supervisory Board must be composed at least three members and, with regard public law companies, five members. The problem occurs when above-mentioned entity is a minimum number and one them makes statement on his resignation from Board’s membership. Hence, company’s merely two moment such has been made, i.e. it unable un...

Background: The aim of current study was to identify the most suitable strategies for faculty development and improving educational potential of faculty members in medical sciences. Methods: The study was cross-sectional. First, using the literature and with the help of experts, a list of all suitable strategies for faculty development was extracted. Then the questionnaire was created based on ...

BACKGROUND A conflict of interest (CoI) can occur between public duty and private interest, in which a public official's private-capacity interest could improperly influence the performance of their official duties and responsibilities. The most tangible and commonly considered CoI are financial. However, CoI can also arise due to other types of influence including interpersonal relationships, ...

BACKGROUND Hearing loss in adults is one of the leading disabilities globally. It is managed through aural rehabilitation for which there is a paucity of literature in South Africa. This raises the question of interest, the integrity of holistic service provision amongst audiologists and whether interest and challenges affect current practices. OBJECTIVES To describe audiologists' practices a...