The concentrations of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in ambient air can be a good indicator of air quality and the effectiveness of control strategies for reducing ozone levels in urban areas. As PAN is formed by the oxidation of reactive hydrocarbons in the presence of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), it is a direct measure of the peroxyacyl radical levels produced from reactive organic emissions in the ur...

background alkylphenol polyethoxylates (apneos) and their metabolites disposal from sewage treatment plants (stp) are of particular concern due to their persistence, toxicity to aquatic organisms, and a potential endocrine disruptor. in this work, we focused on the determination of nonylphenol (np) and nonylphenol polyethoxylate (npneos) in water were collected from karun river. material and me...

investments in the extension of health insurance coverage, the strengthening of public health services, as well as primary care and better hospitals, highlights the emerging role of healthcare as part of china’s new growth regime, based on an expansion of services, and redistributive policies. such investments, apart from their central role in terms of relief for low-income people, serve to reb...