The total ozone distribution in March 1997 showed very low values in the North Atlantic-European region, even lower than in the years before. A spatial pattern correlation between the zonally asymmetric part of total ozone and that of the 300 hPa surface geopotential of the Northern Hemisphere was applied to examine the spatial structure of the low ozone values and its dynamic dependence. A tre...

The frequency and strength with which selection shapes patterns of genetic variation is unknown. Whereas all loci should be roughly equally affected by demography and population history, selected loci may exhibit increased or decreased genetic differentiation relative to neutral loci (Cavalli-Sforza 1966). Thus, one way to test for selection on a specific category of loci is to compare geograph...

Climate indices based on sea surface temperature (SST) can synthesize information related to physical processes that describe change and variability in continental precipitation from floods to droughts. The South Atlantic Subtropical Dipole index (SASD) is based on the distribution of SST in the South Atlantic and fits these criteria. It represents the dominant mode of variability of SST in the...

The impacts of four teleconnection patterns on atmospheric circulation components over Eurasia and the Pacific region, from low to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), were investigated comprehensively in this study. The patterns, as identified by the Climate Prediction Center (USA), were the East Atlantic (EA), East Atlantic/ Western Russia (EAWR), Polar/Eurasia (POLEUR), and Scandi...

Different reconstructions of glacial sea-surface temperatures (SST) are used to force a hybrid coupled atmosphere–ocean model. The resulting glacial states differ in global salinity and temperature distributions, and consequently in the strength of the thermohaline circulation. Stability analysis of the Atlantic Ocean circulation, by means of freshwater-flux hysteresis maps, reveals mono-stabil...

Atlantic bluefin tuna populations are in steep decline, and an improved understanding of connectivity between individuals from eastern (Mediterranean Sea) and western (Gulf of Mexico) spawning areas is needed to manage remaining fisheries. Chemical signatures in the otoliths of yearlings from regional nurseries were distinct and served as natural tags to assess natal homing and mixing. Adults s...

Millennial-scale climate variability has been increasingly recognized as one of the most prominent features of the Holocene. However, regional responses, especially in terms of moisture conditions, are poorly documented and understood. Here we present lithologic and magnetic evidence from White Lake in northern New Jersey, USA, to show that low lake levels occurred at about 1.3, 3.0, 4.4 and 6....

[1] The variability of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) simulated in a multimillenial control integration of the Kiel ClimateModel (KCM) displays enhanced variability relative to the red background at decadal and centennial timescales. The multidecadal variability is the model’s version of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), often referred to as Atlantic Multidecadal Oscill...

[1] We present a tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) which demonstrates that strong, low-frequency (60–100 yr) variability in basin-wide (0–70 N) sea surface temperatures (SSTs) has been a consistent feature of North Atlantic climate for the past five centuries. Intervention analysis of reconstructed AMO indicates that 20th century modes were similar to...

Northern Hemisphere climate responds sensitively to multidecadal variability in North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST). It is therefore surprising that an imprint of such variability is conspicuously absent in wintertime western European temperature, despite that Europe's climate is strongly influenced by its neighbouring ocean, where multidecadal variability in basin-average SST persists...