This paper presents a review on digital image filtering techniques. The main emphasis is on median filtering and its extended versions like hybrid median filtering, relaxed median filtering etc. It is found that still median filtering demands some sort of enhancements as it is best for salt and pepper noise only. By conducting a survey suitable gaps are found in existing literature. In the end ...

For reducing impulsive noise without degrading image contours, median ltering is a powerful tool. In multi-band images, as for example color images or vector eld obtained by optic ow computation, a vector median lter can be used. Vector median lters are deened on the basis of a suitable distance, the best performing distance being the euclidean. Euclidean distance is computed by using the eucli...

Median tilters operate by selecting the middle valve of an ascending-ordered scqucncc of numbers. These numbers are taken from a moving window on the data to be processed. The operation can be used in seismic data processing to reject glitches on data as well as enhance disconbnuiries in the dara. This paper reviews the definibons and some of the properties of median filters. The median filter ...

A ring $R$ is a strongly clean ring if every element in $R$ is the sum of an idempotent and a unit that commutate. We construct some classes of strongly clean rings which have stable range one. It is shown that such cleanness of $2 imes 2$ matrices over commutative local rings is completely determined in terms of solvability of quadratic equations.

  Background : Determining the validity of current median sensory nerve conduction techniques for diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS).   Methods: Eighty five patients with clinical diagnosis of CTS were compared with the same number of healthy people. The validity of electrodiagnostic tests were compared in a case-control manner. These electrodiagnostictechniques included long-segment, sh...

Let G be a Q4-free median graph on n vertices and m edges. Let k be the number of equivalence classes of Djoković-Winkler’s relation Θ and let h be the number of Q3’s in G. Then we prove that 2n −m − k + h = 2. We also characterize median grid graphs in several different ways, for instance, they are the grid graphs with m− n + 1 squares. To obtain these results we introduce the notion of square...

Hemangiomas of the median nerve are extremely rare; only 12 cases have been reported in the literature. We discuss a patient who presented with paresthesia and pain along the distribution of the left median nerve secondary to a cavernoma of the proximal part of the nerve as suspected on MRI scan. Total removal of the mass was achieved with immediate relief of the symptoms and no neurologic defi...