in wistar rats, reproductive behavior is controlled in a neural circuit of ventral forebrain including the medial amygdala (me), bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (bnst) and medial preoptic area (mpoa) via perception of social odors. diabetes mellitus (dm) is a widespread metabolic disease that affects many organs in a variety of levels. dm can cause central neuropathies such as neuronal apop...

Abstract The accessory navicular (AN) is a bony formation located on the medial side of foot, proximal to and continuous with posterior tibialis tendon. It emerges as developmental variant due presence secondary ossification center adjacent primary navicular. regarded physiological anatomical variant. In most instances, this an incidental finding. Radiographic values are used define three types...

the objective of this study was to determine the effects of different heel heights on selected gait parameters in a sample of young nigerian females. a purposive sample of eighty apparently healthy undergraduates of nnamdi azikiwe university, nnewi campus participated in the study. their mean age, height, and weight were 21.98± 1.83 years, 1.65±0.06 meters, 59.50±9.34 kilograms respectively. an...

PURPOSE Gait retraining, comprising biofeedback and/or an exercise intervention, might reduce the risk of musculoskeletal conditions. The purpose was to examine the effect of a gait-retraining program on medial tibial stress syndrome incidence during a 26-wk basic military training regimen. METHODS A total of 450 British Army recruits volunteered. On the basis of a baseline plantar pressure v...

Purpose: Wearing high-heel shoes has become a habit among women of the present era. Statistics show that around 60% of women wear high-heel shoes at least thrice a week. High-heel shoes cause postural changes and damage body joints. The present study was conducted to assess the effect of high-heel shoes on the head protrusion angle. Methods: This study was conducted at University of Social Wel...

The role of spinal α2 -adrenoceptors in mediating long-lasting modulation of hind limb withdrawal reflexes following acute noxious chemical stimulation of distant heterotopic and local homotopic locations has been investigated in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized rabbits. Reflexes evoked in the ankle extensor muscle medial gastrocnemius (MG) by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral heel, and ref...

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate how the use of handrails during treadmill walking affects the gait parameters of stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] The participants, 30 hemiplegic stroke patients, were randomly allocated to one of three groups: the NHG group (No Handrail group, n=10), the FHG group (Front handrail group, n=10), and BHG group (Bilateral Handrail group...

Variation in equine hoof conformation between farriery interventions lacks research, despite associations with distal limb injuries. This study aimed to determine linear and angular hoof variations pre- and post-farriery within a four to six week shoeing/trimming interval. Seventeen hoof and distal limb measurements were drawn from lateral and anterior digital photographs from 26 horses pre- an...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of botulinum toxin A on associated pain and functional impairment of refractory plantar fasciitis. DESIGN This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 27 patients (43 feet) with plantar fasciitis. Block randomization was performed using computer software. In patients with bilateral symptoms of comparable severity, botulinum toxin A was in...