Pollination is essential to maintain ecosystem balance and agricultural production. Domesticated bee pollination, which easy feed manage, mechanized not restricted by the environment, are considered main technical means alleviate “pollinating insect crisis”. By analyzing differences in pollination methods for different crops, this review summarizes research progress efficient technology from pe...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether an active rural lifestyle during childhood and adolescence, defined as low farm mechanization, was associated with bone measures later in life. METHODS DXA bone data from total body, hip and spine, and pQCT data from 4% and 20% distal radius were obtained on 330 individuals (157 women) aged 20-66 years who farmed at least 75% of their lives. Primary bone outcome...

energy method of evaluation is widely employed in analyzing problems associated with sustainable agriculture. in this study, energy ratio (er) of dryland wheat for three regions of eghlid township was quantified. the total cropping area of eghlid is nearly 8282 hectares comprised of: khosrowshirin (5000 ha), sedeh (1682 ha) and dezhkord (1600 ha). the corresponding values of wheat yield in thes...

Using separation logic, this paper presents three Hoare logics (corresponding to different notions of correctness) for the simple While language extended with commands for heap access and modification. Properties of separating conjunction and separating implication are mechanically verified and used to prove soundness and relative completeness of all three Hoare logics. The whole development, i...

(51) We apply 8I to (51) and prove (49). P and t are deened inductively over the structure of sequent trees. In the base case, we have P and t such that (47) is 8x (T(x) T(x)). Consider now the step case. We write (47) in the following form. (52) where P x 1 ; :::; x n ] does not contain occurrences of T. We assume the hypotheses of (52) and derive Tac(x 1) ^ ::: ^ Tac(x m). From (29) we obtain...

Formal reasoning on Peer-to-Peer (P2P) systems is an intimidating task. This paper focuses on broadcast algorithms for Content Addressable Network (CAN). Since these algorithms run on top of complex P2P systems, finding the right level of abstraction in order to prove their functional correctness is difficult. This paper presents a mechanized model for both CAN and broadcast protocols over thos...

Motivation Type systems are a natural discipline for ensuring that programs maintain certain runtime invariants. Of course, language designers cannot anticipate all the invariants that programmers will want to enforce. Therefore, it is desirable to allow programmers to specify and statically check invariants of interest for their applications. Researchers have designed expressive type systems t...