Stalnaker (1974, 1979) made two seminal claims about presuppositions. The most influential one was that presupposition projection is computed by a pragmatic mechanism based on a notion of ‘local context’. Due to conceptual and technical difficulties, however, the latter notion was reinterpreted in purely semantic terms within ‘dynamic semantics’ (Heim 1983). The second claim was that some insta...

Currently, new procedures for intervention and treatment of several types of diseases have been discussed where the search for technologies and trained health professionals is in the service of better care for patients [1-3]. Regard terminal diseases care can focus on pain relief minimizing the suffering of both, patient and family [1,4]. Studies have presented relevant debates about the impact...

In line with the Principle of Uniform Solution, Graham Priest has challenged advocates like myself of the “multiple-meanings” solution to the paradoxes of truth and knowledge, due to the medieval logician Thomas Bradwardine, to extend this account to a similar solution to the paradoxes of denotation, such as Berry’s, König’s and Richard’s. I here rise to this challenge by showing how to adapt B...

OBJECTIVE This work sought to analyze how educational processes have been developed for breastfeeding in a health institution, starting from the meanings mothers, families, and health staff construct thereon. METHODS This was qualitative research of ethnographic approach, which included observations during the group educational activities of the programs, focal groups, and interviews of mothe...

Trichoscopy has become an essential tool for the diagnosis of various diseases that affect the hair and scalp. Through dermatoscopy we identified a set of findings that share a circular shape of hair shafts. The objective of this study is to distinguish among the various forms of circular hairs in order to identify their peculiarities and to describe in which skin disorders they can be found.

The Semantic Web Project of W3C is developed at the purpose of extending the current web to make the information automatically processable by software programs. RDF/RDFS, DAML+OIL and the recent OWL are several specifications proposed along this way. However, the proliferation of XML on the current web makes it a tempting target if we can make use of these existing resources. XML is good at mar...

Chimpanzees' use of gesture was described in the first detailed field study [1, 2], and natural use of specific gestures has been analyzed [3-5]. However, it was systematic work with captive groups that revealed compelling evidence that chimpanzees use gestures to communicate in a flexible, goal-oriented, and intentional fashion [6-8], replicated across all great ape species in captivity [9-17]...

From the very earliest days of electronic computing, flowcharts have been used to represent the conceptual structure of complex software systems. In much of the literature on software development, the flowchart serves as the central design document around which systems analysts, computer programmers, and end-users communicate, negotiate, and represent complexity. And yet the meaning of any part...

Constitutional theory lacks an account of when each of the familiar sources of authority-text, original meaning, precedent, and so on-should be given weight. The dominant tendency is to regard all sources as potentially applicable in every case. In contrast, this Article proposes that each source of authority is pertinent in some categories of cases but not in others, much as a physical tool is...