Membranous sialyltransferase complexes from Escherichia coli K-235 catalyze the synthesis of surface polymers containing alpha-2,8-ketosidically linked polysialic acid. Undecaprenyl phosphate functions as an intermediate carrier of sialic acid (NeuNAc) residues between cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NeuNAc) and an endogenous acceptor (Troy, F.A., and McCloskey, M.A. (1979)...

In many domains, the real world is modeled with systems of equations. Such a model uses variables to represent domain properties and equations to represent applications of domain principles. Given a set of true domain relationships expressed as equations, one can deduce new equations from them using only the rules of mathematics, and the new equations will also be true domain relationships. Th ...

BACKGROUND Vertebral fractures are the most common type of osteoporotic fracture. Although often asymptomatic, each vertebral fracture increases the risk of additional fractures. Development of a safe and simple screening method is necessary to identify individuals with asymptomatic vertebral fractures. METHODS Lateral imaging of the spine by single energy X-ray absorptiometry and vertebral m...

© The Ecological Society of America www.frontiersinecology.org H have long distinguished themselves from other species by shaping ecosystem form and process using tools and technologies, such as fire, that are beyond the capacity of other organisms (Smith 2007). This exceptional ability for ecosystem engineering has helped to sustain unprecedented human population growth over the past half cent...

Investigation of the neural mechanisms of joint angle sense has a long, rich history in which the ideas have changed continually. The sense of joint angle was first thought to depend on joint receptors and then on muscle length receptors. More recently, skin receptors have been shown to be critical for sensing joint angle in the hand. The question that remains to be answered is which of the cut...

McCloskey and a team of authors (1995) documented a fascinating deficit involving the localization of objects. When subject A.H. reaches for objects placed in different positions, she is often wrong about direction but not amount. An object located 30° to her left, say, might cause her to reach 30° to the right. The authors demonstrated that her motor abilities are flawless and that the errors ...

DIPHTHERIA immunisation has been criticised recently on two counts. First, as one type of trauma to muscle which may influence the site of paralysis in persons incubating poliomyelitis; and second, on its failure to restrict epidemic spread of the gravis strain of diphtheria bacillus. Evidence of an association between the site of a previous inoculation and the site of paralysis in poliomyeliti...

S utter et al. (1991) also wrote: "Among the most disturbing features of the [paralytic poliomyelitis] outbreak [in Oman] was that it occurred in the face of a model immunisation programme and that widespread transmission had occurred in a sparsely populated, predominantly rural setting." This represents further evidence that vaccination caused the outbreak. The vaccinators had travelled into s...

Since the 1990s, more and more linguistic articles have been published in the framework of Construction Grammar. Although Kay and Fillmore (1999, p. 19) make it clear that Constructions are not necessarily phrasal, most of the authors suggest phrasal Constructions. This is especially apparent in Construction Grammar-inspired studies in the HPSG framework. In what follows, I show that the differ...

HE segregational behavior of Drosophila chromosomes in the first meiotic Tdivision of the oocyte is quite different from that expected from the classical picture of the independent assortment of nonhomologous chromosomes and the regular segregation of homologous chromosomes. Under appropriate circumstances, nonhomologous chromosomes may segregate very regularly to opposite poles of the spindle ...