During breast radiotherapy treatment, the contralateral breast receives radiation doses to the skin and subcutaneous tissue caused mainly from incident electron contamination and low energy photon scatter radiation. Measurements have shown that for a typical hybrid tangential treatment, these dose levels can be up to 17% of maximum applied prescription dose if no shielding is used during the tr...

AIMS The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a real-time (RT) colour pictorial radiation dose monitoring system reduces patient skin and total radiation dose during coronary angiography and intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS Patient demographics, procedural variables and radiation parameters were recorded before and after institution of the RT skin dose recording system. Peak skin dose a...

PURPOSE This dose-escalating study investigated the toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of the novel direct-acting antifolate ZD9331, given as a 5-day i.v. infusion every 3 weeks. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Forty-five patients with refractory solid malignancies received ZD9331, which was escalated from 0.125 mg/m(2)/day. RESULTS Dose-limiting grade 4 thrombocytopenia occurred in 3 of 6 patien...

PURPOSE We studied the safety, tolerability, and recommended dose of BMS-599626, an orally bioavailable inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with advanced solid tumors that expressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or HER-2 were recruited and enrolled in a phase I, open-label, dose escalati...

Background and Purpose: Moist Desquamation (MD) is a concerning acute side effect of radiation therapy for breast cancer, often seen in skin folds patients having large or pendulous breasts. In-vivo dosimetry, clinical assessments patient reported reactions were used to determine relationship between dose-area metrics the development MD, lend insight into tolerances possibly guide future treatm...

PURPOSE The objectives of this phase 1, first-in-human study were to determine the dose-limiting toxicities (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD), safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary activity of the hypoxia-activated prodrug TH-302 in patients with advanced solid tumors. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN TH-302 was administered intravenously over 30 to 60 minutes in two regimens: three times weekly dos...

PURPOSE In preclinical models, calcitriol and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib are synergistic and modulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and Akt pathways. Therefore, we conducted a phase I study of calcitriol and gefitinib to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of this combination. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Calcitriol was given i.v. over 1 h on weeks 1, 3, and weekly th...

BACKGROUND Total skin electron irradiation (TSEI) is a special radiotherapy technique which has generally been used for treating adult patients with mycosis fungoides. Recently, two infants presented with leukemia cutis isolated to the skin requiring TSEI. This work discusses the commissioning and quality assurance (QA) methods for implementing a modified Stanford technique using a rotating har...

PURPOSE To determine the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of CI-1033 given daily for 7 days of a 21-day cycle. Tumor response and changes in erbB receptor tyrosine kinase activity in tumor and skin tissue were examined, and modulation of potential biomarkers in plasma was explored. DESIGN This was a dose-finding phase I study in patients with advanced solid malignancies. Patients were evalua...