Time-continuous wavefunction collapse mechanisms not restricted to markovian approximation have been found only a few years ago, and have left many issues open. The results apply formally to the standard relativistic quantum-electrodynamics. I present a generalized Schrödinger equation driven by a certain complex stochastic £eld. The equation reproduces the exact dynamics of the interacting fer...

In the 3-dimensional profile method, the compatibility of an amino acid sequence for a given protein structure is scored as the sum of the preferences of the residues for their environments in the 3D structure. In the original method (Bowie JU, Luthy R, Eisenberg D, 1991, Science 253:164-170), residue environments were quantized into 18 discrete environmental classes. Here, amino acid residue p...

Asthma has been defined (Ciba Guest Symposium, 1959) as a condition with widespread narrowing of the bronchial airways, which changes its severity over short periods of time either spontaneously or under treatment. The clinical features are abnormal breathlesness, which may be paroxysmal or persistent, wheezing, and in most cases relief by bronchodilator drugs, including corticosteroids. This d...

This paper investigates connections between discrete and continuous approaches for decomposable submodular function minimization. We provide improved running time estimates for the state-of-the-art continuous algorithms for the problem using combinatorial arguments. We also provide a systematic experimental comparison of the two types of methods, based on a clear distinction between level-0 and...

In this work we apply function approximation techniques to solve continuous, constrained Markov Decision Processes (MDPs). Many real-world robot planning problems are best represented as MDPs with a continuous state space. However, in many scenarios constraints must be accounted for as well. These constraints are treated probabilistically, with a bound on the constraint violation probability. E...

Recently many researchers have studied the estimation of distribution algorithms (EDAs) as an optimization method. While most EDAs focus on solving combinatorial optimization problems, only a few algorithms have been proposed for continuous function optimization. In previous work, we developed a Bayesian evolutionary algorithm (BEA) for combinatorial optimization problem using a probabilistic g...

nowadays, the environmental impact of transportation project and, especially air pollution impacts, are major concerns in evaluating transportation projects. based on this concern, beside definition of traditional objective functions like total travel time and total investment cost, different type of environmental related function is considered as objective function in urban network design. in...

in this article, we prove the existence of extremal positive solution for the distributed order fractional hybrid differential equation$$int_{0}^{1}b(q)d^{q}[frac{x(t)}{f(t,x(t))}]dq=g(t,x(t)),$$using a fixed point theorem in the banach algebras. this proof is given in two cases of the continuous and discontinuous function $g$, under the generalized lipschitz and caratheodory conditions.

A novel version of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms for solving continuous space problems is presented in this paper. The basic structure and concepts of the originally reported ACO are preserved and adaptation of the algorithm to the case of continuous space is implemented within the general framework. The stigmergic communication is simulated through considering certain direction vect...