BACKGROUND Relative to the attention given to improving the quality of and access to maternal health services, the influence of women's socio-economic situation on maternal health care use has received scant attention. The objective of this paper is to examine the relationship between women's economic, educational and empowerment status, introduced as the 3Es, and maternal health service utiliz...

BACKGROUND The impact of low-to-moderate levels of alcohol consumption during pregnancy on child cognitive outcomes has been of recent concern. This study has tested the hypothesis that low-to-moderate maternal alcohol use in pregnancy is associated with lower school test scores at age 11 in the offspring via intrauterine mechanisms. METHODS We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pa...

BACKGROUND According to the WHO report released in 2000, about 121 million people worldwide suffer from depression. The present study aimed to explore factors influencing depression in mothers from Rey, South of Tehran, Iran; who had elementary school children. METHODS The cross-sectional survey was conducted in spring 2010. Four hundred thirty mothers, who had elementary school children, wer...

BACKGROUND Parental educational expectations have been associated with children's educational attainment in a number of long-term longitudinal studies, but whether this relationship is causal has long been debated. The aims of this prospective study were twofold: 1) test whether low maternal educational expectations contributed to failure to graduate from high school; and 2) compare the results...

OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of acute disease of the lower airways and the role of the domestic environment and maternal smoking. Among the recognized risk factors, passive smoking, living in crowded environments and poor housing conditions play a fundamental role in the causal chain of these diseases. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 775 children aged betwe...

BACKGROUND Maternal education is associated with the birthweight of offspring. We sought to quantify the role of maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking as intermediary variables between maternal education and birthweight at term. METHODS We examined the association between maternal education, BMI, smoking and offspring's birthweight among women who delivered at term in the Danish National...

Background: Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related disorder. Symptoms commonly associated with it include elevated blood pressure, protein in the urine and leg swelling. It one of leading causes maternal fetal morbidity mortality especially limited resource settings. This study was aimed at determining risk factors for preeclampsia tertiary hospital south east Nigeria. Methods: retrospective case-...

BACKGROUND Mothers' expectations for their children's educational attainment are related to children's educational and occupational attainment. Studies have yet to establish, however, the long-term links between maternal expectations and offspring earnings, which are not always related to occupational attainment especially in women, or between maternal expectations and offspring sense of contro...

abstract background: many maternal deaths caused are due to preventable causes during pregnancy and childbirth. therefore, the detailed analysis of the root causes provides developing a plan and appropriate interventions to prevent these deaths occurring in the health system. this study aims to determine the causes of maternal mortality using root cause analysis (rca) method. materials and meth...