We report the first experimental demonstration of two-dimensional spatial solitary waves in secondorder nonlinear optical material. When an intense optical beam is focused into a phase-matchable second-order nonlinear material, the fundamental and generated second-harmonic fields are mutually trapped as a result of the strong nonlinear coupling which counteracts both diffraction and beam walkoff.

An amplitude equation is derived for a four-wave-mixing geometry with nearly counterpropagating, mutually incoherent, nondiffracting pump beams, spatially overlapping in a photorefractive material with a nonlocal response. This equation extends the earlier linear two-dimensional theory to the weakly nonlinear regime. The analysis also starts from a more complete equation for the photorefractive...

We utilize analysis of third harmonic generation under femtosecond pulsed excitation as a reference free measurement method for third order nonlinear susceptibility ( ) 3 ( χ or “Chi 3”) of planar waveguides. We investigate ) 3 ( χ dispersion in planar 5 2O Ta waveguides at wavelengths either side of the telecoms window, obtaining a nonlinear coefficient of 13 10 2 − × esu, at 1550 nm. Our stud...

The chipping process in a brittle material subjected to a uniformly applied edge load has been investigated. The present analysis extends earlier work by recognizing that as the chip is formed it may bend and change the loading at the crack tip. This geometry change introduces a nonlinear effect and has significant influence on the phenomenon. The nonlinear effect was demonstrated by incorporat...

This paper presents results of a research aiming at modeling the evolution of road surface skid resistance using statistical and phenomenological approaches. Data are provided by a database composed of measurements collected on French roads during ten years: skid resistance values (Sideway Force Coefficient measured by SCRIM machine), macrotexture values (Mean Profile Depth), road geometry, tra...

A number of robust, and computationally efficient, algorithms are presented for the development of an overall strategy to estimate the material parameters characterizing a class of complex viscoplastic material models (i.e., rate dependent plastic flow, nonlinear kinematic hardening, thermal/static recovery, isotropic and anisotropic, etc.). The entire procedure is automated through the integra...

This study focuses on the shape optimization of concrete gravity dams considering dam– water–foundation interaction and nonlinear effects subject to earthquake. The concrete gravity dam is considered as a two–dimensional structure involving the geometry and material nonlinearity effects. For the description of the nonlinear behavior of concrete material under earthquake loads, the Drucker–Prage...

the constitutive relationships of the rubber materials that act as the main spring of a hydraulic engine mount are nonlinear. in addition to material induced nonlinearity, further nonlinearities may be introduced by mount geometry, turbulent fluid behavior, temperature, boundary conditions, decoupler action, and hysteretic behavior. in this research all influence the behavior of the system only...