Statement of the problem: A study to assess the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) among adolescent girls in selected college, Thrissur, with a view to prepare an information pamphlet. Research approach and tool: A non experimental descriptive survey design was used in this study as research approach and tool adopted for this study was a modified standardized premenstrual syndrome scale....

PURPOSE Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology. The diagnosis of IGM requires that other granulomatous lesions in the breast be excluded. Tuberculous mastitis (TM) is also an uncommon disease that is often difficult to differentiate from IGM. The purpose of this study is to develop a new algorithm for the differential diagnosis and tre...

Background. Gestational gigantomastia is a rare disorder without clear etiology or well-established risk factors. Several pathogenic mechanisms contributing to the disease process have been proposed, all of which can lead to a similar phenotype of breast hypertrophy. Case. A 28-year-old Guinean woman presented at 37 weeks of gestation with bilateral gigantomastia, mastalgia, peau d'orange, and ...

BACKGROUND Characterization of the prognostic variables for persistent neuropathic pain (PNP) remains incomplete despite multiple articles addressing this topic. To provide more insight into the recovery and prognosis of neuropathic pain, high-quality data are required that provide information about the predictors that contribute to the development of PNP. OBJECTIVE To determine the methodolo...

BACKGROUND Palpable breast lump, breast pain, and nipple discharge are common symptoms of breast disease. Breast cytology (fine-needle aspiration, nipple discharge smear, and touch preparation) accurately identifies benign, atypical, and malignant pathological changes in breast specimens. This study aims to determine the types of breast lesions diagnosed by breast cytology and assess the clinic...

BACKGROUND About 80% of women experience premenstrual symptoms (PMSx), and about 50% of women seek medical care for them, posing a large medical care burden. However, despite women's use of anti-inflammatory agents for relief from these symptoms, and the fact that anti-inflammatory agents provide relief from some PMSx, the relationship of inflammation to PMSx has not been well investigated. M...

Prophylactic breast bud radiotherapy is used to prevent gynaecomastia and mastalgia in patients with prostate cancer who are being treated with antiandrogen and oestrogen therapy. Here a case is presented of a patient who developed soft-tissue sarcoma of the breast subsequent to breast bud radiotherapy prior to bicalutamide hormone treatment. Bicalutamide is often prescribed for younger men in ...

An international multidisciplinary panel of experts in the management of the menopause met at the 4th Amsterdam Menopause Symposium in October 2004 to determine the specific place of tibolone, a synthetic steroid with a unique clinical profile, within the wide range of currently available postmenopausal therapy options. The consensus was that tibolone is a valuable treatment option for women wi...

PURPOSE: The body responds to synthetic surfaces on implanted prosthetic devices with an inflammatory foreign body response (FBR), which results in the gradual deposition of a fibrous collagenous capsule. Capsular contracture (CC), the progressive growth and contraction of this peri-prosthetic capsule, is the most common complication of aesthetic and reconstructive breast surgery, affecting up ...

BACKGROUND Pain after breast cancer therapy is a recognized complication found to have an adverse impact on patient's quality of life, increasing psychosocial distress. In recent years, case reports about myofascial pain syndrome are emerging in thoracic surgery as a cause of postsurgery pain. Myofascial pain syndrome is a regional pain syndrome characterized by myofascial trigger points in pal...