Jaw movement is analyzed as an action between two rigid components jointed together in a particular way, the movable mandible against the stabilized cranium. Opening and closing movements are symmetrical; that is, both sides of the cranio-mandibular articulation are making the same movements. Protrusive and retrusive movements may also be symmetrical. The mandibular muscles determine all the co...

Direct electrical stimulation of the intracranial portion of the trigeminal nerve was performed in 23 subjects undergoing retrogasserian thermocoagulation for the treatment of idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia. In 16 subjects, who were having the operation for the first time, neurological examination was normal, as was neurophysiological testing of trigeminal function. Seven subjects were being o...

The arterial distribution within the mandible and maxillae, which are the only structures having teeth, is more complicated than that of other bones. The whole mandible, including the teeth, is nourished chiefly by the inferior alveolar artery. The mandibular ramus receives small vessels not only from the inferior alveolar artery, but also from the mandibular branch of the maxillary, the poster...

INTRODUCTION The present study was designed to clarify whether the bilateral cooperation in the human periodontal-masseteric reflex (PMR) differs between central incisors and canines. METHODS Surface array electrodes were placed on the bilateral masseter muscles to simultaneously record the firing activities of single motor units from both sides in seven healthy adults. During light clenching...

purpose there is a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. various types of strengthening exercises of the quadriceps are done as part of its management, but the effect of isotonic eccentric quadriceps muscle exercises on patellofemoral pain syndrome has not been studied. hence the aim of this exploratory pilot study was to evaluate the effect of ec...