Free living amoebae (FLA) are frequently distributed in environment, such as air, water, dust and soil (1). Some strains of Acanthamoeba spp. are non-pathogen, while others are pathogenic in immunocompromised patients or even healthy persons (2-4). Acanthamoeba encephalitis is rare and less likely to be diagnosed with successful medical intervention. These amebas can carry and transmit importan...

Milk fever and subclinical hypocalcemia are the most important macro-mineral metabolic disorders that affect transition dairy cows. Many studies have shown that cows with subclinical hypocalcemia are also prone to many diseases and disorders. The drain of Calcium (Ca) during early lactation represents a significant increase in Ca demand over that for late fetal growth and physiological maintena...

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of refractive condition and its risk factors among students in Mashhad. Methods: A total of 2510 students representing a cross-sectional of the population of Mashhad were sampled using random cluster sampling strategy. Primary and middle school students underwent cycloplegic refraction. The refractive errors of high school students were measured using non-cy...

OBJECTIVES Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria have an important role in nosocomial infections. Due to the limited availability of information about the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing bacteria in Mashhad, we decided to investigate about TEM, CTX and SHV ESBLs among urinary Escherichia coli isolates in Mashhad, a city in northeast Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS On...

BACKGROUND Iran has one of the lowest alcoholic beverage use rates in comparison with other countries, because it is legally forbidden and because of religious beliefs. Even so, unrecorded and noncommercial alcohol remains a considerable concern, which needs special attention. OBJECTIVES In the current research, we have studied the general composition of noncommercial alcohol samples to ident...

BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a chronic and common disease, which is characterized by heartburn and regurgitation. In the last couple of decades, GERD has received much attention and studies have shown an increase in its prevalence. Although there have been a few studies on the prevalence of GERD in Iran, no study has yet been done in the northeastern part of the country....

BACKGROUND/AIM Several types of the hepatitis C virus (HCV), with variations in different parts of the genome, have been isolated from different regions of the world. Based on heterogenic sequences in the isolated genome, HCV is classified into different genotypes and subtypes. Data on distribution of HCV genotypes in a certain region could be important to patient management. Therefore, this st...

Paleozoic gneissic granitoids are an important lithologic component of the Shoo Fly Complex of the central Sierra Nevada, California. Field relations, petrographic, and geochemical studies indicate that the gneisses were originally intruded as a seri.es of plutons ranging from gabbro (oldest) to granite and granodiorite (median age) to syenite (youngest) with the granitoid types predominating. ...

With the increasing demand for energy globally and need to reduce fossil fuels, paying attention renewable clean sources is necessary. Solar systems are viable among heat electricity generation. In this study, an Off-grid solar system was investigated by considering effect of climate conditions environmental factors such as dust on performance PV panels. Performance efficiency using PVsyst soft...