Introduction: The presence of alternately magnetized sources on Mars indicates that at one time Mars had a magnetic field, presumably generated by an internal dynamo, and that its polarity reversed at least once before shutting off. Mars does not currently possess a magnetic field, so the anomalies are attributed to remanent magnetization (RM) of minerals in the crust. The initiation and cessat...

Despite the success in knowledge gained by the Mars missions in the last two decades, the search for traces of life on Mars is still in progress. The reconstruction of (paleo-) environments on Mars have seen a dramatic increase, in particular with regard to the potentially habitable conditions, and it is now possible to recognize a significant role to subaerial hydrothermal processes. For this ...

[1] Serpentine, recently discovered on Mars using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data, is uncommon but found in three geologic settings: (1) in mélange terrains at the Claritas Rise and the Nili Fossae, (2) associated with a few southern highlands impact craters, and (3) associated with a regional olivine‐rich stratigraphic unit near the Isidis basin. Any presently active serpentinization processe...

MARS a program for robust automatic backbone assignment of (13)C/(15)N labeled proteins is presented. MARS does not require tight thresholds for establishing sequential connectivity or detailed adjustment of these thresholds and it can work with a wide variety of NMR experiments. Using only (13)C(alpha)/(13)C(beta) connectivity information, MARS allows automatic, error-free assignment of 96% of...

Debates over strategy for human exploration of the solar system focus on whether the next interplanetary travelers ought to go to the Moon or to Mars. The Space Exploration Initiative explicitly calls for a lunar presence, but the "Mars Now" advocates argue for a token effort on the Moon with major emphasis on Mars. A strategy which moves directly to piloted Mars missions incurs serious program...

Attachment regions of the eukaryotic chromosomal DNA to the nuclear scaffold/matrix (S/MARs) participate in various important cellular processes. However, no obvious characteristics common for these nucleotide sequences have been revealed, except that S/MARs are non-coding sites containing putative regulatory elements and binding sites of DNA-topoisomerase II. Heterogeneity among S/MARs can be ...

?abstract NASA and ESA have outlined visions for solar system exploration that will include a series of lunar robotic precursor missions to prepare for, and support a human return to the Moan, and future human exploration of Mars and other destinations, including possibly asteroids. One of the guiding principles for exploration is to pursue compelling scientific questions about the origin and e...

We carried out a genome-wide prediction of scaffold/matrix attachment regions (S/MARs) in Arabidopsis. Results indicate no uneven distribution on the chromosomal level but a clear underrepresentation of S/MARs inside genes. In cases where S/MARs were predicted within genes, these intragenic S/MARs were preferentially located within the 5'-half, most prominently within introns 1 and 2. Using Ara...

OBJECTIVE The molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS) is used to purify blood from albumin-bound toxins in patients with liver failure. However, the application of MARS has not demonstrated improved survival in randomized clinical trials and the clinical utility has not been finally established. In our department, the use of MARS is now restricted to the most critically ill patients wit...

The potential risks for late effects including cancer, cataracts, and neurological disorders due to exposures to the galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is a large concern for the human exploration of Mars. Physical models are needed to project the radiation exposures to be received by astronauts in transit to Mars and on the Mars surface, including the understanding of the modification of the GCR by th...