In ratifJingthe United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1994, Australia took responsibility tor a marine jurisdiction that is more than 1.5 times the area of the landmass. While ownership of offshore resources provided under UNCLOS hestows certain rights (including exploitation), it also carries a range of obligations, including the protection and preservation of the marine environme...

Salinity gradients are critical habitat determinants for freshwater organisms. Silverside fishes in the genus Odontesthes have recently and repeatedly transitioned from marine to freshwater habitats, overcoming a strong ecological barrier. Genomic and transcriptomic changes involved in this kind of transition are only known for a few model species. We present new data and analyses of gene expre...

Recent studies of natural environments have revealed vast genetic reservoirs of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes. Soil bacteria and human pathogens share AR genes, and AR genes have been discovered in a variety of habitats. However, there is little knowledge about the presence and diversity of AR genes in marine environments and which organisms host AR genes. To address this, we identified the ...

During the 2011 Eastern Pacific Emitted Aerosol Cloud Experiment (E-PEACE) and 2013 Nucleation in California Experiment (NiCE) field campaigns, a predominantly organic aerosol (> 85% by mass) was observed in the free troposphere over marine stratocumulus off the coast of California. These particles originated from a densely forested region in the Northwestern United States. The organic mass spe...

More than 25 years ago, the author was asked to provide a retrospective analysis of the global status of what were then called “red tides”, but are now known as “harmful algal blooms” or HABs. The occasion was an international conference in Takamatsu, Japan (Okaichi et al. 1989), convened at a time when algal blooms seemed to be affecting more and more countries and causing increased economic l...

by Pavel Povinec, Scott Fowler, and Murdoch Baxter I he Chernobyl nuclear accident in April 1986 had a significant impact on both the terrestrial and marine environments. The total activity of the nuclear debris released was so high (1-2.10 becquerel) that the radioactive fallout distributed widely after the accident actually dominated anthropogenic environmental levels in various parts of the ...

OBJECTIVE To present a quantitative risk assessment of West Nile (WNV) virus introduction into Barbados, West Indies. DESIGN AND METHODS Three possible modes were considered: a) WNV infected mosquitoes via air transport, by city of departure, b) WNV infected mosquitoes via marine transport and c) viraemic migratory, birds. We estimated the number of WNV infected migratory birds as the product...

Rhodopirellula baltica (R. baltica) is a Planctomycete, known to have intracellular membranes. Because of its unusual cell structure and ecological significance, we have conducted comprehensive analyses of its transmembrane transport proteins. The complete proteome of R. baltica was screened against the Transporter Classification Database (TCDB) to identify recognizable integral membrane transp...

Marine oil-derived n-3 fatty acids have been shown to stimulate intestinal Ca absorption in animal studies, but the effects of such fatty acids on Ca absorption in human subjects are relatively unknown. In particular, n-3 fatty acids may be of therapeutic value for some Crohn's disease patients who experience Ca malabsorption. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effec...